ارزیابی توانمندی‌های فناورانه بنگاه‌های صنایع پایین دست پتروشیمی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 عضو هیئت‌علمی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 عضو هیئت‌علمی، دانشکده مهندسی پیشرفت، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران

چکیده

طی توسعه صنعتی ایران، با وجود سرمایه‌گذاری‌های چشمگیر و تمرکز روی صنعت بالادست پتروشیمی، نسبت به توسعه صنایع رقابتی میانی و پایین دست غفلت شده است. این امر منجر به عملکرد صادراتی قابل قبول در بالادست شده، اما منافع حاصل از توسعه صادرات صنایع میانی و پایین دست ناچیز بوده است. این مقاله به­دنبال تحلیل دلایل این شرایط از منظر توانمندی‌های فناورانه بنگاه‌ها می‌باشد. در این راستا ابتدا طی مطالعه اکتشافی پیشینه، ابعاد توانمندی‌های فناورانه شناسایی و طی مصاحبه با دوازده خبره با شرایط این صنایع تطبیق داده شد. سپس با استفاده از پرسشنامه، این ابعاد در 128 بنگاه‌ فعال در سه صنعت پلاستیک، شوینده، و رنگ و رزین ارزیابی و با روش تحلیل"اهمیت- عملکرد"، با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. بر اساس نتایج، نقطه قوت این صنایع محدود به توانمندی‌های اجرای پروژه و مهندسی فرآیند است، درحالیکه نقاط ضعف آنها توانمندی‌های پیش ازسرمایه‌گذاری، ‌یادگیری، مهندسی صنعتی، مهندسی محصول، و پیوند و شبکه‌سازی می‌باشد. اما چالش کلیدی این بنگاه‌ها، توانمندی‌های‌ مکمل است که از جمله می‌توان به مولفه‌های بازاریابی، ایجاد شبکه‌های فروش و کانال‌های توزیع متنوع، مدیریت برند، توسعه خدمات و دیگر ابعاد اشاره داشت. اگرچه مدیران این مولفه‌ها را در"عملکرد" بسیار ضعیف ارزیابی‌کردند، اما برای آنها "اهمیت" بالا نیز قائل نشدند. دلایل این امر استمرار غلبه رویکرد جایگزینی واردات، کمبود نیروی متخصص، عدم برنامه‌ریزی بلندمدت برای حضور پایدار در بازارهای منطقه‌ای، و انحراف در سیاست‌های حمایت از صادرات است. مقاله پیشنهاد می‌دهد که بنگاه‌ها در ارتقاء توانمندی‌های مکمل، تلاش‌های هدفمندی را با حمایت نهادهای دولتی ذی‌ربط، صورت دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Technological Capabilities Auditing in Iranian Downstream Petrochemical Industries

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Faghih Mirzaei 1
  • Mohammad Reza Razavi 2
  • Farhad Ghafari 2
  • Mohammad Ali Shafia 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Technology Management, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty Member, Department of Management and Economics, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Faculty member, Faculty of Progress Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In the industrial development of Iran, despite significant investments and focus on the upstream petrochemical industry, the development of the mid-stream and downstream industries has been neglected. Although this has resulted in acceptable export performance in the upstream industry, it has created limited export development benefits in the downstream petrochemical industries. This article seeks to analyze the reasons for these conditions from the perspective of the technological capabilities.Through the exploratory study of literature, the dimensions of technological capabilities were identified and adapted to the conditions of these industries during interviews with twelve experts. Using a questionnaire, these dimensions were evaluated in 128 enterprises in three industries: plastics, detergents, and paint, and resin and compared with each other using the "importance-performance" analysis method. Based on the results, the strengths of these industries are limited to project implementation and process engineering capabilities, while their weaknesses are in pre-investment, learning, industrial engineering, product engineering, linkage, and networking capabilities. But the major challenge for these companies is the lack of complementary capabilities including marketing, creating sales networks and distribution channels, managing brands, developing after-sales services and other related capabilities. Although the managers rated these components as very poor in "performance", they did not attach high "importance" to them either. The reasons are the continued dominance of the import substitution approach, lack of expert personnel, lack of long-term planning for a stable presence in regional markets, and deviation in export support policies. In order to develop export technological products, this article suggests that companies design and implement smart programs in upgrading these complementary capabilities with the support of relevant government institutions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Technological Capabilities
  • Downstream Petrochemical Industries
  • Plastics Industry
  • Detergents Industry
  • Paint and Resin Industry

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سیاست علم و فناوری
دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 57
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 51-69

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