حکمرانی بوم‌سازگان فین‌تک: مسائل سیستمی و راهکارهای توسعه در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری مدیریت فناوری، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی مالی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، ایران

چکیده

فین‌تک‌ها یا کسب‌وکارهای نوپای مالی هر روز دامنه بیشتری از زنجیره ارزش خدمات مالی را تحت‌تأثیر قرار می‌دهند. استفاده از فین‌تک‌ها فرصت بی‌بدیلی را برای اصلاح سازوکارهای نظام مالی در اختیار حکمرانان بازارهای مالی کشور قرار داده است. با‌ این‌حال توسعه بوم‌سازگان این کسب‌وکارهای نوآورانه در نظام مالی به سهولت صورت نمی‌گیرد؛ چرا که علاوه بر موانعی که عموماً در مسیر رشد کسب‌وکارهای نوآورانه وجود دارد، الزامات احتیاطی نظام مالی نیز بر محدودیت‌های توسعه‌ این کسب‌وکارها می‌افزاید. این پژوهش توصیفی با هدف بررسی مسائل سیستمی توسعه فین‌تک و راهکارهای آن به انجام رسیده است. با روش تحلیل مضمونی قیاسی، متون تحلیلی انتشار یافته در بازه یک ساله و انجام 49 مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختارمند با خبرگان، شبکه سیستمی مسائل و نگاشت نهادی بوم‌سازگان فین‌تک استخراج شده و روایی آن در پنج گروه کانونی به بحث گذاشته شده است. مسائل موجود برای توسعه بوم‌سازگان کسب‌وکارهای فین‌تک در پنج بخش الف: سیاست‌گذاری، تنظیم‌ مقررات و نظارت (28 مسئله) همچون فقدان سند چشم‌انداز توسعه فین‌تک، ب: توسعه و ترویج علم (4 مسئله) مانند عدم وجود رشته تخصصی فین‌تک در دانشگاه‌ها، ج: سرمایه‌گذاری (4 مسئله) همچون نبود آمار و اطلاعات سرمایه‌گذاری در فین‌تک، د: ارائه راهکار مالی (10 مسئله) همچون ضعف در نظام شمول تأمین مالی، و ه: تقاضای فین‌تک (4 مسئله) همچون فوریت پایین فین‌تک نزد نهادهای تنظیم‌گر مالی احصا شده است. در نهایت، مبتنی بر مسائل مطرح شده، دلالت‌های سیاستی این پژوهش جهت تسهیل حکمرانی بوم‌سازگان فین‌تک در کشور ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fintech Ecosystem Governance: Systemic Problems and Development Solutions in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Payandeh 1
  • Seyed Mohammad Afghahi 2
1 Ph.D. in Technology Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. student in financial engineering, Allameh Tabatabai University, Iran
چکیده [English]

Fintechs or financial startups are progressively impacting the financial services value chain every day. Fintechs has provided the country's financial markets governors with an irreplaceable opportunity to reform the country's financial system mechanisms. The ecosystem development of these innovative businesses in the financial system is demanding as the prudential requirements of the financial system, and the obstacles that generally exist for innovative businesses. This descriptive research investigates the systemic problems of fintech ecosystem development and its solutions. The analytical texts published in one year and 49 semi-structured interviews with experts were analyzed with a deductive thematic analysis methodology based on Nicoletti's model. Then, the systemic network problems besides institutional mapping of the fintech ecosystem have been extracted; also its validity has been discussed in five focus groups. Then, the existing problems for the development of the fintech business ecosystem are categorized into six sectors: policy, regulation, and supervision (28 problems) such as the lack of a fintech development vision, science production, and promotion (4 problems) such as the lack of fintech scientific field in universities, investment (4 problems) such as the lack of investment statistics in fintech, financial solutions (10 problems) such as weakness in the inclusive financing system, and fintech demand (4 problems) such as low urgency of fintech with financial regulatory bodies. Ultimately, based on the issues raised, the policy implications of this research are presented to facilitate the governance of the 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Governance
  • Fintech
  • Systemeic Problems
  • Innovation
  • Finance
  • Innovation Ecosystem
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