تحلیل موانع انتقال دانش طراحی در نظام نوآوری صنعت اسباب‌بازی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری طراحی صنعتی، گروه طراحی صنعتی، دانشکده طراحی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه طراحی صنعتی، دانشکده طراحی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه طراحی صنعتی، دانشکده طراحی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

صنعت اسباب‌بازی ایران، به‌رغم جایگاه این محصول به‌عنوان کالای راهبردی فرهنگی و ابزار هویت‌سازی، با رکود نوآوری عمیقی مواجه است که در سلطه بازار توسط تقلید‌های بی‌کیفیت نمایان شده‌است. پژوهش‌های پیشین عمدتاً بر چالش‌های کلان اقتصادی یا آرمان‌های فرهنگی متمرکز بوده‌اند و کمتر به تحلیل نظام‌مند و کارکردی نظام نوآوری مطالعات طراحی اسباب‌بازی پرداخته‌اند. این پژوهش کیفی، با هدف شناسایی موانع ساختاری و شکست‌های کارکردی که جریان دانش تخصصی طراحی در این صنعت را مسدود کرده‌اند، از چارچوب نظریِ رویکرد کارکردی نظام نوآوری استفاده می‌کند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته عمیق با ۲۰ نفر از خبرگان کلیدی (شامل مدیران صنعتی، سیاست‌گذاران و دانشگاهیان) گردآوری و با روش تحلیل مضمون بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که نظام طراحی در یک تله تعادلی سطح پایین گرفتار شده است. یافته اصلی، شکست در سازوکار تقاضا برای دانش طراحی است که ریشه در خطر‌گریزی شدید تولیدکنندگان دارد. این امر منجر به حاکمیت چرخه معیوب رکود شده است؛ در این چرخه، راهبرد تقلید عملاً نیاز به پژوهش اصیل و ارتباط با دانشگاه را حذف می‌کند. تحلیل کارکردی، ضعف شدید نظام در وظایف حیاتی مانند جهت‌دهی جستجو (به دلیل تشتت سیاستی) و تأمین مالی را تأیید می‌کند. برای برون‌رفت از این بن‌بست، دلالت‌های سیاستی بر تغییر الگو به رویکرد تقاضامحور، اصلاح سخت‌گیرانه نظام مالکیت فکری برای افزایش هزینه تقلید، حمایت از پروژه‌های طراحی اصیل برای کاهش خطر، و فعال‌سازی ظرفیت بالقوه بازارپردازی (کالاهای جانبی) از طریق پیوند با صنعت رسانه (پویانمایی) برای تضمین بازار محصولات بومی، تاکید دارند

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Barriers to Design Knowledge Transfer in Iran's Toy Industry Innovation System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid reza Amarlou 1
  • Babak Amraei 2
  • Sajjad Pakzad 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Industrial Design, Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The toy industry in Iran, despite its role as a "strategic cultural commodity" and a tool for identity-making, faces a profound innovation stagnation evident in the market dominance of imported or low-quality counterfeit products. Previous research has primarily focused on macro-economic challenges or cultural ideals, neglecting a systemic and functional analysis of the crucial Innovation System (IS) for Toy Design Studies.This qualitative study aims to fill this gap by diagnosing the structural barriers and functional failures that have blocked the flow and application of specialized design knowledge within the industry. The research employs the theoretical framework of the Sectoral Innovation System (SIS) Functional Approach. Data were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 20 key experts in the ecosystem (including industrial managers, policymakers, and academics) and analyzed using thematic analysis.The results indicate that the design innovation system is trapped in a low-level equilibrium. The core finding is the failure in the mechanism of demand for design knowledge, stemming from the extreme risk-aversion of local manufacturers (driven by economic instability and import pressures). This dynamic has led to the dominance of a vicious cycle of stagnation: the strategy of imitation effectively eliminates the need for original research and effective collaboration with academia. Functional analysis confirms severe systemic weaknesses in critical functions such as Guidance of Search (due to policy fragmentation) and Financing.To exit this deadlock, policy implications emphasize a paradigm shift towards a demand-driven approach, rigorous reform of the Intellectual Property (IP) regime to increase the cost of imitation, support for original design projects (to mitigate risk), and activation of the merchandising potential through strategic linkage with the media industry to secure a guaranteed market for domestic products.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sectoral Innovation System
  • Toy Industry
  • Design Studies
  • Cultural Policymaking
  • Functional Analysis

مراجع

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