بررسی تغییر سیاست معافیت حقوق گمرکی واردات ماشین آلات صنعتی در ایران: کاربست چارچوب ائتلاف مدافع

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سیاست‌های تعرفه‌ای از جمله مهم‌ترین ابزارهای تنظیم‌گری دولت در حوزه صنعت هستند و تحول در آن‌ها به‌ویژه در بخش زیربنایی مانند صنعت ماشین‌سازی، متأثر از منازعات پیچیده سیاستی است. این پژوهش به بررسی تغییر در سیاست معافیت حقوق گمرکی واردات ماشین‌آلات صنعتی در ایران می‌پردازد؛ سیاستی که به مدت حدود ۴۰ سال (بر اساس بند «غ» ماده ۱۱۹ قانون امور گمرکی) اعمال می‌شد اما در سال ۱۴۰۱ با تصویب قانون جهش تولید دانش‌بنیان حذف و این واردات مشمول حقوق ورودی شد. هدف اصلی پژوهش این است که با کاربست چارچوب ائتلاف مدافع به عنوان چارچوب نظری به تبیین چرایی و چگونگی این تغییر سیاست از طریق شناسایی ائتلاف‌های درگیر، نظام باورها، منابع قدرت و استراتژی‌های آن‌ها و تحلیل فرآیند پیروزی نهایی ائتلاف حذف معافیت بپردازد. این پژوهش از روش‌شناسی کیفی بهره گرفته و داده‌های پژوهش از طریق محتوای مستندات، اظهارات و مصاحبه‌های بازیگران کلیدی در بازه زمانی ۱۳۹۹ تا ۱۴۰۳ گردآوری و تحلیل شده‌اند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد این تغییر سیاست نه یک تغییر بوروکراتیک ساده، بلکه نتیجه‌ یک جدال پرفراز و نشیب میان دو ائتلاف رقیب بود که هریک بر اساس باورهای خود و با استفاده از استراتژی‌ها و منابع مختلف، رویاروی یکدیگر قرار گرفتنددر دیدسیص صی ثی ث

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Examination of the Change in the Policy of Customs Duty Exemption for the Import of Industrial Machinery in Iran: An Application of the Advocacy Coalition Framework

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Asadifard 1
  • Ali Khajeh Naieni 2
  • Meysam Narimani 1
  • Mohammad Sahebkar 3
1 Associate Professor, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran. Iran
2 Associate Professor, Allameh Tabatabaei University , Tehran. Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran. Iran
چکیده [English]

Tariff policies are among the most important regulatory instruments of the government in the industrial sector, and changes in them—particularly in an infrastructural sector such as the machinery industry—are shaped by complex policy conflicts. This study examines the change in the policy of exemption from customs duties on the import of industrial machinery in Iran; a policy that had been in place for approximately 40 years but was removed in 1401 with the enactment of the Knowledge-Based Production Leap Law, thereby subjecting these imports to customs duties. The main objective of the study is, through applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework as the theoretical framework, to explain the why and how of this policy change by identifying the coalitions involved, their belief systems, power resources, and strategies, and by analyzing the process that led to the final victory of the coalition advocating the removal of the exemption. This research adopts a qualitative methodology, and the data were collected and analyzed through documents, statements, and interviews with key actors over the period 1399 to 1403. The findings show that this policy change was not a simple bureaucratic adjustment, but rather the result of a turbulent struggle between two rival coalitions, each confronting the other on the basis of its own beliefs and through the use of different strategies and resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Policy Change
  • Customs Duty Exemption
  • Industrial Machinery
  • Advocacy Coalition Framework
  • Iran
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