نوآوری و بهره‌وری در صنایع کشور: نقش مکمل یا جانشینی تحقیق و توسعه داخلی و خارجی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران.

2 عضو هیات علمی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش به بررسی اثرات علّی میان تحقیق‌و‌توسعه (R&D) داخلی و خارجی و تأثیر مشترک آن‌ها بر نوآوری و بهره‌وری در بخش‌های صنعتی مختلف ایران می‌پردازد. این مطالعه با استفاده از داده‌های پیمایش نوآوری ایران و در چارچوب یک مدل توسعه‌یافته‌ی CDM، روابط میان تحقیق‌و‌توسعه، نوآوری و بهره‌وری را با روش اقتصادسنجی سه‌مرحله‌ای حداقل مربعات (3SLS) برآورد می‌کند. داده‌های مورد استفاده شامل شرکت‌های تولیدی ایرانی در چهار بخش صنعتی شامل بخش‌های مبتنی بر علم، مقیاس‌محور، تأمین‌کنندگان تخصصی و وابسته به تأمین‌کننده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که تحقیق‌و‌توسعه داخلی، اثر مثبت و معناداری بر تحقیق‌و‌توسعه خارجی دارد و این اثر در بخش‌های مبتنی بر علم، قوی‌تر است. اثر ترکیبی تحقیق و توسعه داخلی و خارجی بر نوآوری به نوع بخش صنعتی بستگی دارد؛ در بخش‌های مبتنی بر علم و تأمین‌کنندگان تخصصی این دو نوع تحقیق و توسعه نقش مکمل دارند و تعامل مثبت آنها موجب افزایش نوآوری می‌شود، در حالی که در بخش مقیاس‌محور رابطه جانشینی مشاهده می‌شود. همچنین نوآوری محصول تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر بهره‌وری شرکت‌ها دارد و نقش مهمی به عنوان عامل میانجی میان تحقیق و توسعه و عملکرد اقتصادی ایفا می‌کند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که سرمایه‌گذاری هدفمند در تحقیق و توسعه داخلی و طراحی استراتژی‌های نوآوری متناسب با ویژگی‌های هر بخش صنعتی می‌تواند عملکرد نوآوری و بهره‌وری را ارتقا دهد. این مطالعه چارچوب کاربردی برای مدیران صنایع و سیاست‌گذاران در اقتصادهای در حال گذار ارائه می‌دهد، هرچند محدودیت‌هایی مانند داده‌های مقطعی و کنترل ناقص عوامل کلان نیز وجود دارد

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Innovation and Productivity in the Iranian Industry: The Substitution Versus Complementary Role of the Internal and External R&D

نویسندگان [English]

  • Raheleh Fathollahi 1
  • Ebrahim Souzanchi Kashani 2
1 PhD Student, Graduate School of Management and Economics, Shairf University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty Member, Graduate School of Management and Economics, Shairf University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research examines the relationship between internal and external research and development (R&D) activities and their combined effects on innovation and productivity across various industrial sectors in Iran. Drawing on data from Iranian manufacturing firms operating in four distinct sectors—science-based, scale-intensive, specialized suppliers, and supplier-dominated industries—the study provides a nuanced understanding of how the configuration of R&D strategies shapes innovation outcomes. The empirical findings indicate that internal R&D exerts a positive and statistically significant influence on external R&D engagement, suggesting that stronger in-house research capabilities enhance firms’ absorptive capacity and ability to collaborate with external knowledge sources. This complementary relationship is particularly pronounced in science-based sectors, where technological complexity and knowledge intensity are high. The joint impact of internal and external R&D on innovation varies across sectors. In science-based and specialized supplier industries, the two forms of R&D complement each other, producing synergistic effects that enhance innovative performance. Conversely, in scale-intensive sectors, a substitutive relationship emerges, implying that external R&D may partly replace internal efforts. Moreover, product innovation is found to have a significant and positive impact on firm productivity, acting as a key mediating channel through which R&D investments translate into improved economic performance. The results emphasize the importance of targeted investment in internal R&D and the formulation of sector-specific innovation strategies. Although the study faces limitations related to cross-sectional data and incomplete control of macroeconomic variables, it offers valuable insights for industrial managers and policymakers in transition economies seeking to enhance innovation-driven productivity growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • internal R&D
  • external R&D
  • Innovation
  • Productivity
  • industrial sectors
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