شناسایی چالش‌های بهره‌برداری از اعتبار مالیاتی تحقیق و توسعه در صنایع منتخب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکترای مدیریت فناوری، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران.

3 دانش‌آموخته مهندسی شیمی، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار مهندسی مکانیک ، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/jstp.2025.11919.1862

چکیده

یکی از ابزارهای حمایتی از پروژه‌های تحقیق و توسعه که اخیراً به سبد ابزارهای حمایتی بوم سازگان علم و نوآوری کشور اضافه گردیده است، برنامه اعتبار مالیاتی تحقیق و توسعه، موضوع بند «ب» ماده 11 قانون جهش تولید دانش‌بنیان است. با توجه به گذشت بیش از دو سال از برنامه یاد شده لازم است که پیاده‌سازی برنامه یاد شده در صنایع مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. در این مقاله با استفاده از روش کیفی تحلیل مضمون، چالش‌های بهره‌برداری از برنامه اعتبار مالیاتی در پنج صنعت منتخب (فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، دارو و فراورده‌های تشخیص و درمان، مواد شیمیایی، تجهیزات و ماشین‌آلات سنگین و برق و الکترونیک) در قالب پنج مضمون یکپارچه ساز اختصاصی (عدم پوشش کامل هزینه‌های نیروی انسانی، هزینه‌های غیرمستقیم، هزینه تجهیزات، تحقیق و توسعه محور نبودن و انعطاف ناپذیری فرایند ارزیابی هزینه کرد) و سه مضمون یکپارچه ساز مشترک (عدم اعتماد به سازمان امور مالیاتی، کاربرپسند نبودن سامانه اعتبار مالیاتی و عدم وجود ساز و کارهای هدایت پروژه‌های تحقیق و توسعه) شناسایی شده و به دنبال آن پیشنهادات سیاستی به‌منظور رفع این چالش‌ها پیشنهاد گردیده است.
به منظور رفع این چالش‌ها از یک سو لازم است که دست اندرکاران برنامه اعتبار مالیاتی بازنگری سرفصل‌های هزینه کردی قابل پذیرش در برنامه اعتبار مالیاتی با توجه به ویژگی‌های پروژه‌های صنایع مختلف را در دستور کار قرار دهند و از طرف دیگر فعالیت‌های حمایتی از اجرای برنامه را مدنظر قرار دهند. از جمله این فعالیت‌ها می توان به بازبینی فرایندهای اجرایی سامانه موجود، راه اندازی ساز و کارهای جهت‌دهی به پروژه‌های تحقیق و توسعه در راستای اخذ پدیرش در برنامه اعتبار مالیاتی و تهیه و به روز رسانی فهرست پروژه‌های دارای اولویت ملی اشاره نمود. تنها در این صورت است که می‌توان انتظار داشت برنامه اعتبار مالیاتی منجر به افزایش شدت تحقیق و توسعه در کشور گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying Challenges of Utilizing R&D Tax Credit Program in Selected Industries

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitra Karami 1
  • Meysam Narimani 2
  • Alireza Shojamoradi 3
  • Mohammad Sahebkar Khorasani 4
1 PhD in Technology Management, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Science & Technology Policy, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran
3 Master of Science in Chemistry Engineering, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

‏ One of the supportive tools for promotion of research and development which has been recently introduced to the country's science and innovation ecosystems is the Research and Development Tax Credit Program (subject of Section "B" of Article 11 of the Knowledge-Based Production Leap Law). Given that more than two years have passed since the mentioned program has been launched, it is necessary to review the implementation of the aforementioned program in various industries.In this article, using the qualitative content analysis method, challenges to utilizing the tax credit program in five selected industries (Information & communication technology, medicine & diagnostic treatment products, chemicals, equipment & heavy machinery & electronics)in form of common unifying themes (lack of trust, non-user friendliness design of the tax credit system & lack of mechanisms to guide R&D  projects) have been identified & the policy recommendations to address these challenges have been addressed. In order to resolve the mentioned challenges, on one hand, it is necessary that tax credit managers review the acceptable expenses in tax credit program in accordance with characteristics of projects in different industries, and on the other hand, to consider activities to support implementation of the program. These activities include reviewing the implementation processes of the existing system, setting up mechanisms to guide R&D projects towards acceptance into the tax credit program, and preparing and updating a list of national priority projects. Only in this way can the tax credit program can be expected to lead to increased R&D intensity in the country.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • R&D Tax Credit
  • R &D Tax Credit Design Characteristics
  • R&D Intensity
  • R&D Tax Credit Evaluation Process
  • The Law Of Knowledge-Based Production Leap
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