دسته‌بندی مسئولیت‌های پلتفرم‌ها از منظر «حکمرانی بر پلتفرم» ؛ مطالعه موردی: پلتفرم‌های فروش و توزیع برخط دارو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تصمیم گیری و خط مشی گذاری عمومی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه سیاست نوآوری و آینده نگاری، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد دانشگاه امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

5 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/jstp.2025.11928.1865

چکیده

   گسترش کاربرد پلتفرم‌ها در تمامی جنبه‌های زندگی بشری و مشخص شدن تبعات آن بر فضای حکمرانی و سیاست‌گذاری کشور، بررسی چالش‌ها و مسئولیت‌های آن‌ها را ضروری می‌نماید. پژوهش حاضر ضمن بررسی موردی «پلتفرم‌های فروش و توزیع برخط دارو» با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون، مسئولیت‌های پلتفرم‌ها را احصا و دسته‌بندی نموده است. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات اولیه، تعداد 20 مصاحبه با صاحب‌نظران، متخصصان و ذی‌نفعان تنظیم و پس از هر مصاحبه مضامین مربوطه استخراج و برای مصاحبه‌های بعدی برنامه‌ریزی شد. در این مرحله 68 مضمون اصلی احصا شد که نهایتا 22 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده و در نهایت 6 مضمون فراگیر به دست آمد. به این ترتیب مسئولیت‌های پلتفرم‌ها را می‌توان به شش دسته کلی شامل مسئولیت‌ها در نسبت با مسائل فرهنگی و اجتماعی، در نسبت با مسائل حقوقی، در نسبت با مسائل امنیتی، در نسبت با مسائل اقتصادی، در نسبت با مسائل خاص بخشی، در نسبت با مسائل فناوری تقسیم نمود. هر یک از حوزه‌های مسئولیتی معرفی شده نیز شامل مسئولیت‌هایی از قبیل «عدم ایجاد ذائقه و تغییر در سبک زندگی»، «عدم ارائه اطلاعات نادرست  و مهندسی افکار در جهت اهداف سوء تجاری و ...»، «عدم عرضه محصولات قاچاق، غیرمجاز، تقلبی و بی‌کیفیت»،، «فراهم کردن  امکان نظارت کارشناسان بخشی» ، «تعهد به رعایت شرایط خاص عرضه کالا یا خدمت و حمل محصول»  و «تعهد به  عدم افشای اطلاعات و استفاده تجاری از آن» می‌شود.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Categorization of Platform Responsibilities from the Perspective of Governance; The Case of Online Pharmacy & Delivery Platforms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sina Ataherian 1
  • Meysam Narimani 2
  • Mohammad Sahebkar Khorasani 3
  • Asgar Sarmast 4
  • Alireza Bahrami 5
1 PhD Student, Department of Public Policy, Faculty of Management and Economics, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Knowledge-Based Econommy, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant professor, Innovation Policy and foresight, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran. Iran.
4 Phd Student, Department of Management, Science & Technology, Amirkabir University, Tehran. Iran
5 M.Sc. Student, Information Technology Management, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran
چکیده [English]

The growing expansion of digital platforms into all aspects of human life, along with the increasing recognition of their implications for governance and policymaking, has rendered the examination of their associated challenges and responsibilities increasingly necessary. In this context, the present study conducts a case analysis of online pharmacy and distribution platforms and employs the thematic analysis method to identify and categorize platform responsibilities. To gather primary data, twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts, professionals, and stakeholders. After each interview, relevant themes were extracted and used to inform the structure and focus of subsequent interviews. This study identified a total of 68 basic themes, which were then synthesized into 22 organizing themes and ultimately consolidated into six overarching global themes. Based on this structure, platform responsibilities can be classified into six principal domains: responsibilities related to cultural and social issues, legal concerns, security matters, economic dimensions, sector-specific challenges, and technological considerations. Within each of these domains, platforms are expected to fulfill a set of specific responsibilities. These include avoiding the cultivation of consumer appetites or shifts in lifestyle preferences, refraining from disseminating false information or manipulating public opinion for unethical commercial objectives, ensuring that counterfeit, unauthorized, low-quality, or smuggled products are not distributed, facilitating expert oversight within relevant sectors, adhering to special conditions associated with the provision and delivery of goods and services, and upholding data privacy by avoiding the disclosure or commercial misuse of users’ personal information.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Platform Governance
  • Platform Economy
  • Multi-Sided Markets
  • Platform’s Responsibility
  • Online Pharmacy Platforms

مراجع

[1] Caliandro, A., Gandini, A., Bainotti, L., & Anselmi, G. (2024). The Platformization of Consumer Culture: A Theoretical Framework. Marketing Theory, 24(1), 3-21. http://doi.org/10.1177/14705931231225537
[2] Kenney, M., & Zysman, J. (2016). The Rise of The Platform Economy. Issues in science and technology, 32(3), 61. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24727063
[3] Gilbert, D. U., Schrage, S., & Behnam, M. (2024). Advancing the Moral Legitimacy of Digital Platforms As Gatekeepers: A Critical Analysis From A Political Corporate Social Responsibility Perspective. Journal of Business Economics, 94(7), 1115-1145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-024-01200-z
[4] Flew, T., Martin, F., & Suzor, N. (2019). Internet Regulation As Media Policy: Rethinking The Question Of Digital Communication Platform Governance. Journal of Digital Media & Policy, 10(1), 33-50. http://doi.org/10.1386/jdmp.10.1.33_1
[5] Suzor, N. (2018). Digital Constitutionalism: Using The Rule Of Law To Evaluate The Legitimacy Of Governance By Platforms. Social Media + Society, 4(3), 2056305118787812. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118787812
[6] Heidari-Aghamir-Kandi. (2024). Investigating The Criminal Liability Of Online Platforms And Crimes Committed By Their Users In Iranian And American Criminal Law. International and National Conference on Management, Accounting and Law Studies, 11(11), 474-487.{In Persian}  https://civilica.com/doc/2116230/
[7] Ahmadvand, B., & Jahanshahi, A. (2023). Analysis Of The Requirements For User Data Security On Service Provider Platforms. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 16(4), 83-98. {In Persian} https://doi.org/10.22034/jstp.2024.11526.1708
[8] Hassani. (2022). Challenges of Governance of Global Online Platforms and Its Implications for Iranian Society Case Study: Facebook Social Media. Cultural and Communication Studies. {In Persian} https://doi.org/10.22034/jcsc.2021.528576.2381
[9] Mirsalari, R., Razeghi, N., & Soltanzadeh, J. (2023). Analysing Platform Business Regulation Controversies with Actor-Network Theory and Cartography of Controversy. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 16(2), 1-18. {In Persian} https://doi.org/10.22034/jstp.2023.11289.1639
[10] Narimani, M., Karimmian, Z., & Hosseini, S. J. (2020). An Institutional Framework For Regulating New Business Models: A Case Study Of Application-Based Transportation. Iranian Journal of Public Policy, 6(1), 9-34. {In Persian} https://doi.org/10.22059/jppolicy.2020.76998
[11] Soltanzadeh, J., Elyasi, M., & Narimani, M. (2021). Regulatory Stalemates Analysis of Iranian Ride-Hailing Platform Business by the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Innovation Management Journal, 10(3), 153-180. {In Persian} https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.23225386.1400.10.3.5.4
[12] Bogost, I., & Montfort, N. (2007). New media as material constraint. An introduction to platform studies. In Proceedings of the HASTAC Conference (pp. 176-193). https://www.academia.edu/download/76299523/electronic_techtonics__thinking_at_the_interface.pdf#page=196
[13] Gillespie, T. (2010). The politics of ‘platforms’. New media & society, 12(3), 347-364. http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738
[14] Van Dijck, J. (2021). Governing trust in European platform societies: Introduction to the special issue. European Journal of Communication, 36(4), 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1177/02673231211028378
[15] Van Dijck, J., de Winkel, T., & Schäfer, M. T. (2023). Deplatformization and the governance of the platform ecosystem. New Media & Society, 25(12), 3438-3454. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211045662
[16] Srnicek, N. (2021). Value, rent and platform capitalism. In Work and labour relations in global platform capitalism (pp. 29-45). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://doi.org/10.4337/9781802205138.00009
[17] Hawlitschek, F., Stofberg, N., Teubner, T., Tu, P. and Weinhardt, C. (2018), “How corporate sharewashing practices undermine consumer trust”, Sustainability, Vol. 10 No. 8, pp. 26-38, doi: 10.3390/su10082638. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082638
[18] Xu, F., Lu, X. and Zhao, X. (2022), “The implications of socially responsible retailing platform on channel structure choice and product quality decisions”, Sustainability, Vol. 14 No. 9, pp. 59-61. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095691
[19] Poell, T., Nieborg, D., & Van Dijck, J. (2019). Platformisation. Internet policy review, 8(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.14763/2019.4.1425
[20] Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power, edn. PublicAffairs, New York. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01100-0
[21] Peng, H., Lu, Y. and Gupta, S. (2023), “Promoting value emergence through digital platform ecosystems: perspectives on resource integration in China”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 189, 122338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122338
[22] Matias, J. N., & Mou, M. (2018, April). CivilServant: Community-led experiments in platform governance. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-13). https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173583
[23] Gorwa, R. (2024). The politics of platform regulation: How governments shape online content moderation. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197692851.001.0001
[24] Yeung, K. (2018). A Study Of The Implications Of Advanced Digital Technologies (including AI systems) For The Concept Of Responsibility Within A Human Rights Framework. Council of Europe Expert Report. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3286027
[25] Binns, R. (2018). Fairness In Machine Learning: Lessons From Political Philosophy. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency (FAT), 149–159. http://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/binns18a/binns18a.pdf
[26] Gillespie, T. (2018). Regulation Of And By Platforms. The SAGE handbook of social media, 254-278. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473984066.n15
[27] Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., & Hjorth, I. (2019). Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy And Algorithmic Control In The Global Gig Economy. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017018785616
[28] Siregar, Boni; Nababan, Roida;. (2025). Legal Responsibility of Digital Platform Companies for Protecting Shareholder Losses in The Era. Journal of Law and Social Politics, 3(2), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.46799/jlsp.v3i2.64
[29] Marchal, N., Hoes, E., Klüser, K. J., Hamborg, F., Alizadeh, M., Kubli, M., & Katzenbach, C. (2025). How Negative Media Coverage Impacts Platform Governance: Evidence From Facebook, Twitter, And Youtube. Political Communication, 42(2), 215-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2024.2377992
[30] Chan, Ngai Keung; Su, Chris Chao; Shore, Alexis;. (2025). Shifting Platform Values In Community Guidelines: Examining The Evolution Of TikTok’s Governance Frameworks. new media & society, 27(2), 1127-1151. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231189476
[31] Li, Wenjie; Sun, Chaojing; Li, Yan; Ertz, Myriam;. (2024). Effects Of Business To Business E-Commerce Platform-Governance Mechanisms On Seller Firms’ Performance. Research in International Business and Finance, 67, 102-121.
[32] Chung, Hyuck David; Zhou, Yue Maggie; Ethiraj, Sendil;. (2024). Platform Governance In The Presence Of Within-Complementor Interdependencies: Evidence From The Rideshare Industry. Management Science, 70(2), 799-814. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4706
[33] Scharlach, R., Hallinan, B., & Shifman, L. (2024). Governing Principles: Articulating Values In Social Media Platform Policies. new media & society, 26(11), 6658-6677. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231156580
[34] Lin, Wenfang; Wang, Yifeng; Samara, Georges; Lu, Jintao; . (2024). Governance of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Platform Ecosystem Perspective. Management Decision, 62(12), 3782-3816. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2023-1843
[35] Cowls, Josh; Darius, Philipp; Santistevan, Dominiquo; Schramm, Moritz; . (2024). Constitutional Metaphors: Facebook’s “Supreme Court” And The Legitimation Of Platform Governance. new media & society, 26(5), 2448-2472. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221085559
[36] Zaitsev, Y., Krysovatyy, I., Gavkalova, N., Sobko, O., & Boichyk, V. (2024). Interaction of Digitization and Corporate Social Responsibility in the Context of Sustainable Development. Economic Affairs (New Delhi), 69. https://doi.org/10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.23
[37] Hielscher, S., Everding, S., & Pies, I. (2022). Ordo-responsibility In The Sharing Economy: A Social Contracts Perspective. Business Ethics Quarterly, 32(3), 404-437. https://doi.org/10.1017/beq.2021.30
[38] Price, L. (2021). Platform Responsibility For Online Harms: Towards A Duty Of Care For Online Hazards. Journal of Media Law, 13(2), 238-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/17577632.2021.2022331
[39] Nichols, T. P., & Dixon-Román, E. (2024). Platform Governance And Education Policy: Power And Politics In Emerging Edtech Ecologies. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 46(2), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737231202469
[40] Gorwa, Robert; Veale, Michael; . (2024). Moderating Model Marketplaces: Platform Governance Puzzles For AI Intermediaries. Law, Innovation and Technology, 16(2), 341-391. https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2024.2388914
[41] Popiel, P. (2024). Emerging Platform Governance: Antitrust Reform And Non-Competitive Harms In Digital Platform Markets. Information, Communication & Society, 27(1), 92-108. http://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2023.2174791
[42] Gehl, R. W., & Zulli, D. (2023). The Digital Covenant: Non-Centralized Platform Governance On The Mastodon Social Network. Information, Communication & Society, 26(16), 3275-3291. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2147400
[43] Caplan, R. (2023). Networked Platform Governance: The Construction Of The Democratic Platform. International Journal of Communication, 17, 22. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/20035/4180
[44] Noy, C. (2008). Sampling Knowledge: The Hermeneutics Of Snowball Sampling In Qualitative Research.  International Journal of social research methodology, 11(4), 327-344. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570701401305
[45] Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis In Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
[46] Kiger, M. E., & Varpio, L. (2020). Thematic Analysis Of Qualitative Data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical teacher, 42(8), 846-854. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030
[47] Attride-Stirling, J. (2001). Thematic Networks: An Analytic Tool For Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research, 1(3), 385–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879410100100307
سیاست علم و فناوری
دوره 18، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 83-98

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار