شناسایی شیوه‌های یادگیری فناورانه و عوامل موثر بر آن در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان نانوفناوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا ، گروه مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

صنایع مبتنی‌بر دانش‌ و فناوری‌های پیشرفته، پایه‌گذار تحولات گسترده‌ای در اقتصادهای صنعتی و نوظهور بوده‌اند. عوامل مختلفی بر این تحولات تاثیر گذارند که یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل درون بنگاهی، یادگیری‌های فناورانه است. هدف این مقاله، شناسایی شیوه‌های یادگیری فناورانه و عوامل موثر بر آن در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان نانوفناوری است. این تحقیق از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از منظر نوع داده، تحقیقی کیفی است. شرکت کنندگان، متخصصان فعال در بخش‌های مرتبط با یادگیری فناورانه شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان نانوفناوری بوده که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و حجم نمونه بر اساس اصل اشباع نظری، انتخاب شده‌اند. در فرایند تحلیل متون و اسناد، از تحلیل محتوای کیفی جهت‌دار و برای غربال‌گری از دلفی فازی استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد شیوه‌های یادگیری فناورانه در این شرکت‌ها، اغلب با آنچه در پیشینه موضوع آورده شده، مشابه است اما تفاوت‌هایی نیز وجود دارد. در یادگیری مبتنی بر علم، ارتقاء بنیان‌های علمی شرکت، تحقیق و توسعه داخلی و فعالیت‌های پژوهشی مشترک، مهم‌ترین شیوه‌های یادگیری فناورانه می‌باشند. در یادگیری مبتنی بر تجربه، ارتباطات فردی کارکنان، تعاملات شرکت با محیط بیرون، تجربه انجام کار، آموزش‌های فنی و مهارتی، کار گروهی و انعطاف‌پذیری سازمانی، از مهم‌ترین شیوه‌های یادگیری هستند. در بخش نوآوری، در کنار نوآوری در محصول، فرایند و فناوری، اخذ تاییدیه‌ها و گواهی‌نامه‌ها یکی از شیوه‌های متفاوت در این شرکت‌ها بوده است. از مهم‌ترین عوامل موثر بر یادگیری فناورانه، می‌توان به فرهنگ یادگیری در بخش پیشران‌های داخلی و محدودیت‌های داخلی و بین‌المللی و ظرفیت‌های قانونی و مداخلات دولت، در بخش پیشران‌های خارجی اشاره کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying Technological Learning Modes and Its Effective Factors in Nanotechnology Knowledge-based Companies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hedayat Samadi Ansari 1
  • Mohammad Reza Razavi 2
  • Parivash Jafari 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Management & Economics, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Faculty Member, Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Management & Economics, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Faculty Member, Department of Learning Management, Faculty of Management & Economics, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The growth of knowledge-based industries based on new technologies has marked extensive changes in advanced and emerging economies. Various factors inside and outside the company affect this growth. One of the most important factors inside the company, is technological learning. The purpose of this article is to identify technological learning modes and factors affecting them in nanotechnology knowledge-based companies. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data type, it is a qualitative research based on a case study. The participants were experts in the various departments of knowledge-based nanotechnology companies, which were selected by purposeful sampling. The sample size was determined based on the principle of theoretical saturation. Qualitative content analysis has been used in the process of analyzing texts and documents. In science-based learning, scientific promotion of the company, internal R&D, and joint research activities have been the most important modes of technological learning. In experience-based learning, the most important learning modes are individual employee communication, company interactions with the outside, work experience, technical and skill training, teamwork, organizational flexibility, and knowledge and experience sharing. The innovation of these learnings also includes product innovation, process and technology innovation, market innovation and obtaining approvals and certificates. Factors affecting technological learning are R&D capability, production capability and learning culture as internal drivers and internal and international restrictions, legal capacities and government interventions, technological changes and competition intensity as external drivers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Knowledge-Based Companies
  • Innovation
  • Technological Learning Modes
  • Experience-Based Learning
  • Science-Based Learning

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