چالش‌های رشد شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان پیشگام فاوا

فرتاش, کیارش; برامکی, طوبی; صارمی, محمدصادق; سعدابادی, علی اصغر

doi:10.22034/jstp.2022.13957

چالش‌های رشد شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان پیشگام فاوا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

² دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

³ استادیار پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران

⁴ استادیار پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/jstp.2022.13957

چکیده

بخش فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (فاوا) یکی از محورهای توسعه اقتصادی و نیز زیرساختی کلیدی در سطح ملی است. شرکت‌‌های فاوا به دلیل ماهیت دانش‌‌محور این حوزه و پویایی‌‌ رقابت و نیاز مشتریان با چالش‌‌های متنوعی در مسیر رشد خود روبه‌رو هستند. این چالش‌ها در کشور ایران با توجه به محیط کسب‌وکار، تنظیم‌گری و نیز محدودیت در تعاملات بین‌المللی اهمیت دوچندانی در رشد شرکت‌های فاوا و خصوصاً شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان این حوزه دارد. بر این اساس این مقاله به شناسایی و تحلیل چالش‌های رشد شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان فاوا در ایران می‌پردازد. پژوهش حاضر از حیث هدف و نوع به ترتیب کاربردی و کیفی است و قلمرو مکانی و زمانی آن، شرکت‌های فاوا در فهرست شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان پیشگام (50 شرکت با بالاترین فروش) در سال‌‌های 1400 و 1401 می‌‌باشد. داده‌‌های موردنیاز از اسناد، گزارش‌‌ها، مصاحبه نیمه‌‌ساختاریافته با خبرگان و مدیران 15 شرکت که به‌‌وسیله نمونه‌‌گیری قضاوتی انتخاب شدند، جمع‌آوری و با تحلیل محتوا از طریق کدگذاری محوری تحلیل شده است. بر اساس یافته‌‌ها، شرکت‌ها با 5 دسته‌‌ چالش‌ مالی (تأمین مالی و تراکنش‌های مالی)؛ توسعه بازار داخلی و صادرات؛ سیاستی، تنظیم‌‌گری و حقوقی؛ چالش‌‌های مدل کسب‌وکار؛ و چالش‌‌های مربوط به اجرای قانون دانش‌بنیان در رشد خود مواجه هستند. مهم‌ترین و پرتکرارترین چالش‌‌های توسعه شامل محدودیت‌‌ مالی، عدم تخصیص و عدم امکان انتقال ارز برای تأمین تجهیزات موردنیاز، محدودیت‌‌های قانونی و مالکیت فکری و عدم تطابق حمایت‌‌های قانون دانش‌بنیان با نیازهای شرکت‌‌های فاوا می‌‌باشد. یافته‌‌های این مقاله همچنین پیشنهادهایی برای سیاست‌‌گذاران و مدیران این حوزه و پژوهش‌‌های آتی ارائه می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Growth Challenges of Pioneer Knowledge-based Firms of ICT

نویسندگان [English]

Kiarash Fartash ¹
Toba Baramaki ²
Mohammad Sadegh Saremi ³
Ali Asghar Sadabadi ⁴

¹ Assistant Professor, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

² Master Student of Management of Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

³ Assistant Professor, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Assistant Professor, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The information and communication technology (ICT) sector is an economic development pillar as well as a key infrastructure at the national level. ICT firms face various challenges in their growth path due to the knowledge-based nature of ICT sector and the dynamics of competition and customer needs. These challenges in Iran are of greater importance in the growth of ICT companies and especially knowledge-based firms (KBFs), given the business environment, regulations, and limitations in international interactions of ICT sector. This paper identifies and analyzes the growth challenges of ICT KBFs in Iran. This research is applied and qualitative in terms of purpose and type, and the spatial and temporal boundary is ICT firms is in the list of pioneering KBFs (50 firms with the highest sales) in 2021. The required data were collected from documents, reports, semi-structured interviews with experts and managers of 15 studied firms that were selected by judgmental sampling and analyzed by content analysis through axial coding. Based on our findings, firms face 5 key category of growth challenges, i.e., financial; domestic market and export; political, regulatory and legal; business; and challenges pertinent to implementation of the law for supporting KBFs. The most frequent challenge includes financial limitations, difficulty of transferring foreign currency and supplying equipment, legal and IP restrictions and the mismatch of KBFs law with ICT firm’s contingencies. Our findings also provide recommendations for policy makers and managers of ICT KBFs as well as fruitful avenues for future researches. Challenges of KBFs growth in developing countries is an overlooked issue in the literature and this paper is an effort to narrow this empirical gap in the literature.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Growth Challenges
Financial Challenges
Regulatory Challenges
Knowledge-based Firms
ICT Firms

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