به‌سوی بازنگری و توسعه کاربردپذیری آموزش الکترونیکی دانشگاه در پساکرونا: معرفی یک مدل راهبردی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری آموزش عالی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری آموزش عالی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران.

چکیده

آموزش و یادگیری دانشگاهی در جهان تحت فشار فراگیری کرونا از حضوری به الکترونیکی تغییر یافت. این تغییر در ایران با وجود تقویت آگاهی و نگرش دانشگاهیان در باب ظرفیت‌های این شیوه آموزشی با بروز اختلالات و کاستی‌های متعددی در بکارگیری آن همراه بوده است. در این مطالعه به توضیح زمینه نظری شکل‌گیری این وضعیت و ارائه یک مدل راهبردی برای بازنگری و توسعه کاربردپذیری آن در دانشگاه‌ها برای دوره پساپاندمی کرونا پرداخته شده است. این مدل که بر اساس روش نظریه داده بنیاد با تحلیل کیفی دیدگاه‌ها و زیست آزموده‌های 18 مشارکت‌کننده منتخب ایجاد شده، از چهار بعد مرتبط شامل؛ توسعه کمی و کیفی امکان‌های فنی، آموزش بهینه و چابک عوامل انسانی، عاملیت گرایی فردی و جمعی، پژوهش و مدیریت دانش در دانشگاه‌ها تشکیل شده که حول هسته مدل یعنی ساختارهای پویا و حمایت‌گر کلان تحقق و بهبود مستمر می‌یابد. از این رو، این مدل به هم افزایی مکمل دانشگاه‌ها و ساختارهای کلان آموزش عالی کشور برای بازنگری و توسعه کاربردپذیری یادگیری الکترونیکی در پساکرونا اصالت می‌دهد. به علاوه، بینش‌های سیاستی برای فعلیت‌یابی آن عرضه می‌کند. مهم‌ترین این بینش‌ها در سطح کلان بر تمرکززدایی در مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی یادگیری الکترونیکی، امکان زایی گفتگو با دانشگاه‌ها برای ارائه فرصت‌های مبتنی بر زمینه، ترسیم سیاست‌های حمایتی مبتنی بر شواهد علمی، نظارت نظام­مند و مبتنی بر زمینه  بر عملکرد دانشگاه‌ها متمرکز است. از طرفی، در سطح دانشگاه‌ها بینش‌هایی از جمله آزادی عمل عاملان علمی در کمیت و کیفیت بکارگیری یادگیری الکترونیکی، مطالبه و مداخله هوشمند در سیاست‌های ساختارهای نهادی، فرصت‌های یادگیری بهینه و عادلانه برای توسعه سواد یادگیری الکترونیکی عوامل انسانی، مشارکت‌یابی فعال و انتقادی عاملان علمی در سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌های دانشگاه در مقوله یادگیری الکترونیکی و توسعه سامانه‌های الکترونیکی با محوریت تعامل پداگوژی و فناوری ارائه می‌کند.
برای استنادات بعدی به این مقاله، قالب زیر به نویسندگان محترم مقالات پیشنهاد می‌‌‌‌شود:
Kamali, H., Ghorban Shiroodi, A. & Rahimi, S. (2022). Toward Reviewing and Developing the Applicability of University E-Learning in the Post-Corona: Introducing a Strategic Model. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 15(3), 13-28. {In Persian}.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Towards Reviewing and Developing the Applicability of University E-Learning in the Post-Corona: Introducing a Strategic Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Kamali 1
  • Armita Ghorban Shiroodi 2
  • Somaye Rahimi 1
1 PhD in Higher Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD Candidate in Higher Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The education and learning of university in the world changed from face-to-face to e-learning under the pressure of the corona pandemic. This change in Iran improved the awareness and attitude of academics regarding the capacities of this educational method. However, it has been accompanied with numerous disorders and shortcomings in its application. In this study, the theoretical background of this problem formation has been explained and then has been presented a coherent model. That review and develop the applicability of e-learning in Iran's higher education for the post-Corona era. This model was created based on the grounded theory method with a qualitative analysis of the views and experiences of 18 selected participants. It is composed of related dimensions, including; quantitative and qualitative development of technical possibilities, optimal and agile training of human factors, individual and collective agency, research and knowledge management in universities. These are realized and improved around the core of the model. The model core is the dynamic and supportive macro structure. Hence, this model intends to synchronize universities and structures of higher education. In order to review and develop the e-learning in the post-corona. In addition, it offers policy insights for its actualization. The most important of these insights at the macro level; Decentralization on the management and planning of e-learning, ability to talk with universities to provide opportunities based on field, drawing supportive policies based on scientific evidence, and systematic and contextual monitoring of university performance. On the other hand, at the university level, insights such as; the action freedom of academic agents in the quantity and quality of using e-learning, demanding and intelligent intervention in the policies of institutional structures, optimal and fair learning opportunities for the development of e-learning literacy of human agents, active and critical participation of academic agents in university policies and programs, and the development of electronic systems focusing on the interaction of pedagogy and technology.
 
 
 
How to Cite this paper:
Kamali, H., Ghorban Shiroodi, A. & Rahimi, S. (2022). Toward Reviewing and Developing the Applicability of University E-Learning in the Post-Corona: Introducing a Strategic Model. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 15(3), 13-28. {In Persian}.
DOI: 10.22034/jstp.2022.13948
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Higher Education
  • University Education
  • E-learning
  • Corona Pandemic
  • Post-Corona Pandemic

مراجع

1[ Teichler, U. (2015). Higher Education Research in Europe. In The European higher education area (pp. 815-847). Springer, Cham. DOI :10.1007/978-3-319-20877-0
]2[ Hirsch, W. Z., & Weber, L. E. (1999). Challenges facing higher education at the millennium. American council on education & oryx press.
]3[. Harvey, L., & Williams, J (2010) Fifteen Years of Quality in Higher Education (Part Two), Quality in Higher Education, 16:2, 81-113, DOI: 10.1080/13538322.2010.485722
]4[. Farastkhah, Maqsood (2016). Occasionally the university in Iran. Aghah Publications: Tehran. {In Persian}.
]5[. Adams, Richard. (2020). Uk Universities switching to online lectures and exams, Web site of Support the Guardian,
]6[. Fraihat, Dimah AI; Joy, Mike; Masadeh, Raed & Sinclair, Jane. (2020). Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study, Computers and Human Behavior, 102, 67-86, DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.004.
]7[. Seliana, Neni; Suroso, Imam Arif; Yuliati, Lilik Noor. (2020). Seliana, N., Suroso, A. I., & Yuliati, L. N. (2020). Evaluation of e-learning implementation in the university using DeLone and McLean success model. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 18(2), 345-352. DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2020.018.02.15
]8[. Nave Ebraham, A., Habibi, A., & Blash, F. (2019). Management of higher education centers of countries in the situation of covid-19, a series of discussions of the working group of studies of higher education in the era of corona and post-corona, national project of resistance economy. Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. {In Persian}.
]9[. Abolhosni, M., Mirzaei, Y., Hanifezadeh, M. (2019). The challenges of e-learning in the Corona period. the international conference on production jump and its effects on Iran's economy in the shadow of the Corona crisis. {In Persian}.
]10[. Iran manesh, F., Ostad ebarhimi, H., Mirzazadeh, A., & Azin., M. (2020).  Performance report of distance learning at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 19(4), 423-428. DOI: 10.29252/jrums.19.4.423 {In Persian}.
]11[. Jafari, M., Zulfiqari, M., and Sufian, M. (2015). Evaluation of the level of preparation for the implementation of virtual training courses in Arak University of Medical Sciences. Master's thesis. {In Persian}.
]12[. Ranjbar Kouchaksaraei, S., Rohaninasab, M., Nikjo, P., & Jannati, Y. (2021). The education users’ opinion about the E-learning in Covid-19 pandemic in the world: a review study. Clinical Excellence, 10(4), 41-51. {In Persian}.
]13[. Sadati, L., Nouri, Z., Hajfiroozabadi, M., & Abjar, R. (2021). Faculty Members’ Experiences About Virtual Education Opportunities and Challenges During The Covid-19: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Medical Education Development, 14(42), 1-10. DOI: 10.52547/edcj.14.42.1 {In Persian}.
]14[. Zarei, A., & Javadipour, M. (2021). Problems of E-learning in the University of Tehran due to the Spread of Coronavirus. Journal of Management and Planning In Educational System, 14(2), 313-342. DOI: 10.52547/MPES.14.2.313 {In Persian}.
]15[. Zinn, K. L. (2003). Computer-assisted learning and teaching. In Encyclopedia of computer science (pp. 328-336). DOI: 1074100.1074248.
]16[. Moore, Michael G; Kearsley, Greg (2011). Distance Education: A Systems View of Online Learning, What's New in Education. Cengage Learning.
]17[.  Sun, P.-C., Tsai, R. J., Finger, G., Chen, Y.-Y., & Yeh, D. (2008). What drives a successful e-Learning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner. satisfaction. Computers & Education, 50(4), 1183–1202. DOI: .1016/j.compedu.2006.11.007.
]18[. Aparicio, Manuela & Bacao, Fernando. (2013). E-Learning concept trends, Conference: ISDOC '13 Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Information Systems and Design of Communication, At: ACM New York, NY, USA. DOI: 20.1145/2503859.2503872.
]19[. Khan, B. H. (Ed.). (2005). Managing e-learning: Design, delivery, implementation, and evaluation, IGI Global.
]20[. Szymanski, David M.; Hise, Richard T. (2000). "E-satisfaction: an initial examination". Journal of Retailing. Elsevier BV. 76 (3): 309–322. DOI:10.1016/s0022-4359(00)00035-x.
]21[. Montazer, G. A., & Farazkish, M. (2021). Why Iranian universities have not been successful in implementing e-learning systems? (Comparative analysis of Iranian and Turkish universities in the face of the Corona pandemic)? Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 23(91), 18-156. DOI: DOI:10.22047/ijee.2021.249570.1780 {In Persian}.
]22[. Atashak M. (2007). Theoretical and Applied Principles of Electronic Learning. Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education. 2007; 13 (1) :135-156. {In Persian}.
]23[. Montazer, G., & Gashool Darehsibi, T. (2020). E-Learning: Technological Transformation in Education. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 13(1), 15-36. DOI: 20.1001.1.20080840.1399.13.1.3.3 {In Persian}.
]24[. Masoumi, L., Vakilimofrad, H., Ansari, N., & Bahramian, R. (2019). The postgraduate students’ viewpoint on the implementation and launch of virtual learning; A case study of hamadan university of medical sciences. Pajouhan Scientific Journal, 17(3), 26-33. DOI: 10.52547/psj.17.3.26 {In Persian}.
]25[.  Moradi, R., Mohamadi Mehr, M., Nojoomi, F., & Khazaie, A. (2016). The use of design patterns in the design and production of electronic content in e-learning environment. Journal of Educational Studies, 7, 41-52. {In Persian}.
]26[. Akbari Bourang, M., Ajam, A., Ja'fari Saani, H., Shokouhi Fard, H (2016). Designing and Validating Quality Virtual Teaching Model in Higher Education System of Iran, Qualitative Research in Curriculum,1(2), 73-106.DOI:10.22054/qric.2016.7036 {In Persian}.
]27[. Saberi, A., Kazempour, E., & Porkar, A. (2018). Feasibility of utilizing virtual education from the viewpoints of professors, students and information technology staff (IT) in Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Research in Medical Education, 10(1), 29-21. DOI: 10.29252/rme.10.1.29 {In Persian}.
]28[. Eshraghi Eavari, N., Sharif Moghaddam, H., & Ziaei, S. (2015). A Study on the rate of satisfaction of students and faculty members of Payame Noor University of Mashhad from interacting with the user interface software of PNU virtual learning. Quarterly Knowledge and Information Management Journal, 2(2), 75-84. {In Persian}.
]29[. Azizi, N., Ahmadi, H., & Gholaamee, K. (2013). Developmental areas in virtual learning in Kurdestaan University: towards a strategic framework. The Journal of New Thoughts on Education, 9(1), 9-34. {In Persian}.
]30[. Hadadian, A. (2011). Surveying national e-learning system in the globalization era. Strategic Studies of Globalization, 2(4), 117-148. {In Persian}.
]31[. Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution (2010). Scientific comprehensive map of the country. Tehran, Iran. {In Persian}.
]32[. Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (2011). E-learning teaching system in higher education. Tehran, Iran. {In Persian}.
]33[. Islamic Council Research Center (2008). Law of the Sixth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran, Iran. {In Persian}.
]34[. Ghafourifard, M. (2020). The promotion of virtual education in Iran: The potential which turned into reality by Coronavirus. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 20, 33-34. {In Persian}.
]35[. Babbie, E. R. (2020). The practice of social research. Cengage learning.
]36[. Bryman, Alan (2001), Social Research Method, Oxford University Press. Haberaman Michael A. and miles, Mathew B (2002), The Qualitative researchers companion, sage Inc.
]37[. Silverman, D. (2015) Interpreting Qualitative Data, 2 (ed) edn. Sage, London.
]38[.  Dabbagh, N. (2005). Pedagogical models for E-Learning: A theory-based design framework. International Journal of Technology in Teaching and Learning, 1(1), 25-44.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار