شناسایی ابزارهای تأمین مالی نظام تولید خودرو مبتنی بر تحلیل زنجیره ارزش صنعت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار موسسه مطالعات و پژوهش‌های بازرگانی، تهران

2 استادیار پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران

چکیده

مشکلات ساختاری حاکم بر صنعت خودرو همراه با توسعه نامتوازن زنجیره ارزش آن، منجر به ایجاد مسائل جدی در فعالیت‌های تولیدی این صنعت شده است. یکی از این مسائل، رویکرد ناقص تأمین مالی این صنعت در بستر نظام مالی ایران است که منجر به ایجاد مسائل جدی در ظرفیت تأمین مالی نوآوری صنعت خودرو شده است. پرشدن سقف اعتباری خودروسازان برای استفاده از تسهیلات بانکی، وجود ضوابط محدودیت‌زا برای پیش‌فروش خودرو و عدم توان یا عزم دولت برای حمایت مستقیم مالی از این شرکت‌ها، از جمله مهم‌‌ترین مسائل پیش روی این صنعت است. جریان فعالیت بخش حقیقی در این صنعت از تولید تا نوآوری، نیازمند ابزارهای خاص خود است. از این‌‌رو در این مقاله تلاش شده تا به منظور ارائه مدلی مبتنی بر زنجیره ارزش خودرو، ابزارهای تأمین مالی در اختیار توسعه این صنعت پیشنهاد گردد. بدین منظور با مورد کاوی مفهومی و تحلیل بنیادی صنعت و مراجعه به خبرگان این صنعت در بخش‌‌های مختلف زنجیره ارزش خودرو، آسیب‌ها و راهکارها تبیین شده است. در پایان با توجه به تحلیل زنجیره ارزش صنعت، نظام تأمین مالی زنجیره تأمین و تأمین مالی زنجیره‌ای از یک طرف و رویکرد مرحله‌ای به تأمین مالی نوآوری، مدل مفهومی برای تبیین نظام ابزارهای جدید تأمین مالی تولید خودرو ارائه شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌‌دهد تنها راه‌ تنوع‌بخشی به تأمین مالی این صنعت، استفاده از تأمین مالی زنجیره‌ای با اتّکاء به ابزارهای بازار سرمایه، نظام بانکی و استفاده از پلتفرم‌های جدید تأمین مالی مانند تاسیس صندوق‌های تخصصی در بازار سرمایه، انتشار اوراق متناسب با نیازهای صنعت و تامین مالی طرف خریدار است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Financing Tools of Automotive Production System Based on Value Chain Analysis of Automotive Industry

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Esmailipour-Masouleh 1
  • Rohollah Aboujafari 2
  • Masoud Afshari-Mofrad 1
1 Assisstant professor, Institute for Trade Studies and Research, Tehran, Iran
2 Assisstant professor, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The real sector of the economy, like production, has processes that in the institutional context will lead to the production of goods and services required by the economy. The structural problems of the automotive industry along with the unbalanced development of the automotive value chain have led to serious problems in the continuation of the manufacturing activities of this industry. One of these issues is the incomplete approach to financing this industry in the context of Iran's financial system, which has caused the capacity to finance innovation in the automotive industry to face serious problems. Filling the credit line of car manufacturers to use bank facilities, the existence of restrictive criteria for the advance sale of cars and the inability of the government to provide direct financial support are among the most important issues facing the industry. The flow of activity of the real sector in this industry from production to innovation requires its own tools. Therefore, according to the industry value chain analysis, supply chain financial management and chain financing on the one hand and a step-by-step approach to innovation financing, a comprehensive conceptual model has been presented to explain the system of new automotive financing financing tools. The results show that the only way to diversify the financing of this industry is to use chain financing based on capital market tools, banking system and the use of new financing platforms.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Financing
  • Automobile Industry
  • Value Chain

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