مطالعه نقش دستورالعمل‌های مقابله با سوءرفتارهای علمی در سلامت علمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران

چکیده

یافتن راه‌حل برای مسئله شیوع سوءرفتارهای علمی، اگر آن را به عنوان یک مسئله به رسمیت بشناسیم، نیازمند پژوهش‌هایی از جمله انجام مطالعات تطبیقی، مشاهده و مقایسه تجربیات کشورهای دیگر در این رابطه است. لذا در مقاله حاضر (که حاصل چنین پژوهشی است) مبتنی بر بررسی تجربیاتِ حقوقی در مجموعه‌ای از کشورها، که برخی از آن‌ها در مهار سوءرفتارها خوشنام و برخی دیگر کمتر خوشنام هستند، استدلال می‌شود که قواعد و دستورالعمل‌های حقوقی (هرچند شرط لازم است امّا) شرط کافی را برای تحقق سلامت علمی مهیا نمی‌کند. برای رسیدن به چنین نتیجه‌ای، ناظر به پدیده سوءرفتار در کشورهای کمتر موفق، مشاهده‌ای گزارش می‌شود که به وجودِ پدیده سوءرفتارهای اپیدمیک، و همچنین وجودِ تفاوت‌هایی در نوع مصادیق و دامنه افرادی که در این کشورها مرتکب سوءرفتار علمی می‌شوند، اشاره دارد. در ادامه، سیاست‌های حقوقی کشورهای موفق‌تر، و دستورالعمل‌های وضع‌شده مرتبط با سوءرفتارهای علمی، مورد بررسی قرار خواهند گرفت، و استدلال (و پیش­بینی) می‌شود که با توجه به تفاوت‌های موجود در پدیده مورد نظر در این دو نوع کشور، به کار بستن سیاست‌های حقوقی کشورهای موفق، در کشورهای کمتر موفق راهگشا نخواهند بود. در نهایت با اشاره به نمونه‌هایی از تجربیاتِ کشورهای کمتر موفق در به‌کار‌بستن قواعد حقوقی کشورهای موفق، پیش‌بینی مورد نظر مورد تأیید قرار خواهد گرفت. در انتهای مقاله، تحلیلی از چرایی عدم‌موفقیت ارائه می‌شود که می‌تواند محلی برای نقد و بررسی‌های بعدی قرار گیرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Recognition of the Critical Success Factors and Challenges of FinTech Regulatory Sandbox in Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Keyvan Alasti
Assistant Professor in National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Finding a solution to the problem of the prevalence of scientific misconduct, if we recognize it as a problem, requires comparative studies and observation of successful (or unsuccessful) experiences of other countries. Therefore, in this article based on a comparative research on legal experiences in selected countries (some of which are successful in dealing with scientific misconducts and others less successful) it will be argued that legal rules and processes do not provide sufficient conditions for supporting scientific integrity.
For this Purpose, firstly, by searching for evidence of scientific misconducts in less successful countries, found evidence that indicate the existence of the phenomenon of “epidemic misconduct”, as well as differences in the type of cases and the extent of people who commit misconducts. secondly, the policies of more successful countries, and the established policies related to scientific misconduct, examined, and argued (and predicted) that, given the differences noted between the two countries, the application of the legal policies of successful countries will not work in less successful countries. Finally, with reference to examples of the failure of the experiences of less successful countries to apply the legal experiences of successful countries, the prediction confirmed. Finally, an analysis of why the failure occurs is provided.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Scientific misconducts
  • scientific integrity
  • research ethics
  • good scientific practice
  • dealing with research misconduct allegation
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