تحلیل ابزارهای سیاستی همکاری فناورانه سه شرکت بزرگ با شرکت‌های کوچک فناور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر

3 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

10.22034/jstp.2021.14.3.1272

چکیده

به‌‌کارگیری مناسب ابزارهای سیاستی نقش کلیدی در موفقیت همکاری‌‌های فناورانه بین شرکت‌‌ها دارد. پژوهش حاضر با روش مطالعه موردی، به بررسی 13 همکاری‌‌ فناورانه 3 شرکت‌‌ بزرگ با 13 شرکت کوچک فناور ایرانی در بازه زمانی 10 ساله (1385-1395) در حوزه فناوری‌‌های نانو، زیستی و اطلاعات و ارتباطات (فاوا) پرداخته است. در مجموع با انجام 27 مصاحبه نیمه‌‌ساختاریافته با افراد درگیر در این همکاری‌‌ها در طرفین همکاری و تحلیل محتوای کیفی آن‌ها با کدگذاری محوری، ابزارهای سیاستی مورد استفاده در همکاری‌‌های مورد مطالعه شناسایی شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد حمایت‌‌های مالی در قالب ارائه وام و یارانه از پرکاربردترین ابزارهای سیاستی در همکاری‌‌های هر 3 حوزه فناوری‌‌ نانو، زیستی و فاوا می‌باشد. به علاوه، ابزارهای سیاستی مورد استفاده در همکاری‌‌های حوزه فاوا محدود به ابزارهای ایجاد انحصار در تولید و ارائه وام‌‌هایی از جانب نهادهای حمایتی مربوطه بوده است. در مقابل، در همکاری‌‌های فناوری حوزه نانو و زیستی طیف متنوعی از ابزارها نظیر خریدهای تضمینی، ارائه حمایت‌‌های مالی، میانجی‌‌گری، مشوق‌‌های صادراتی و اعمال تعرفه بر واردات مورد استفاده قرار گرفته‌‌اند. شناسایی ابزارهای سیاستی مشوق همکاری‌‌های فناورانه شرکت‌های بزرگ و کوچک و نیز کاربرد آن‌ها، به سیاست‌‌گذاران در راستای حمایت فعال‌تر و اثربخش‌تر از همکاری‌‌های فناورانه کمک شایانی می‌نماید.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing Policy Instruments Used in Technological Collaboration of 3 Large Firms with Small Technology-based Firms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kiarash Fartash 1
  • Mostafa Mohseni Kiasari 2
  • Elnaz Mesma Khosroshahi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University.
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran.
3 Msc in Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University.
چکیده [English]

To facilitate the success of technological collaboration between companies, the use of policy tools plays a key role in encouraging collaboration between the parties. In this study, using case study method, technological collaborations over a period of 10 years (2006 to 2016) between 3 large and 13 small technology-based firm in the field of nanotechnology, biotechnology and information and communication (ICT) in Iran have been studied. In total, by conducting 27 semi-structured interviews with the people involved in these collaborations and analyzing the data by content analysis with axial coding, the policy tools used in the studied collaborations have been identified. The present study was conducted in the period of autumn 2016 to winter 2017 and the results show that financial support in the form of loans and subsidies is one of the most widely used policy tools in all three fields of nanotechnology, biotechnology and ICT fields. In addition, the policy tools used in ICT collaborations have been limited to the monopoly production and loans from relevant support institutions. In contrast, a variety of tools such as guaranteed purchases, financial supports, intermediation, export incentives and import tariffs have been used in nanothechnology and biotechnology collaborations. Identifying policy tools and their applications in collaborations between large and small companies will help policymakers to support technological collaborations more active and more effective.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Technological collaboration
  • Small technology-based firm
  • Policy tools
  • Large firms

مراجع

[1] Fadol, Y. Y., & Sandhu, M. A. (2013). The role of trust on the performance of strategic alliances in a cross-cultural context: A study of the UAE. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 20(1), 106-128.
[2] Asadifard, R., & Khaledi, A. (2019). Challenges of Asymmetric Technological Collaboration between Large Companies and Nanotechnology Startups. Journal of Science & Technology Policy. 15-30, 11(3), {In Persian}.
[3] Aggarwal, V., & Wu, A. (2018). Inter-organizational collaboration and start-up innovation. In the The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship and Collaboration (Eds). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
[4] Siadati, H., & Afshari Mofrad, M. (2019). Policies for Promoting Open Innovation. Journal of Science & Technology Policy. 379-393, 11(2), {In Persian}.
[5] Mohseni. Kiasari, M., Mohammadi, M., Jafarnejad, A., Garousi Mokhtarzadeh, N., & Asadifard, R. (2017). Classification of Demand-based Innovation Policy Tools Using Meta-synthesis Approach. Innovation Management Journal. 109-138, 6(2), {In Persian}.
[6] Elahi, S., Khaledi, A., Majidpour, M., & Asadifard, R. (2018). The analytical framework of the ecosystem of technological collaboration between large and small technology oriented companies. Innovation Management Journal, 1-32, 7(1), {In Persian}.
[7] Elahi, S., Khaledi, A., Majidpour, M., & Asadifard, R. (2017). Driving and restraining forces technological collaboration between large and small technology based firms. Quarterly Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 80-105, 7(13), {In Persian}.
[8] Khaledi, A., Elahi, S., Majidpour, M., & Asadifard, R. (2020). Essential factors for successful asymmetric technological collaboration between large and small firms in Iran's nanotechnology sectors. Innovation Management Journal. 139-168, 9(1),{In Persian}.
[9] Nasiri, H., & Radaei, N. (2019). Classification and Choice of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Instruments. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 495-511, 11(2), {In Persian}.
[10] Norouzi, N., Elahi, S., & Hasanzade, A., & Hajihoseini, H. (2014). Proposing a Framework of Science and Technology Policy Instruments Based on Meta-Synthesis Approach. Innovation Management Journal. 103-124, 3(2), {In Persian}.
[11] Mohammad. Hashemi, Z., Ghazinoory, S., Sajadifar, M., Sahebkar. Khorasani, M., & Mousavi, A. (2019). Evaluating Effectiveness of Governmental Supports from Knowledge-Based Biotechnology Firms. Modares Journal of Biotechnology. 681-697, 10(4), {In Persian}.
 [12] Naghizade, R., & Namdarian, L. (2019). The Suppotive Policies for New Technology-Based Firms (NTBF's). Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 285-296, 11(2), {In Persian}.
[13] Bahreini, Zarj, M., Dehkordi, M., & Meigoonpouri, M. (2018). The required policy tools of collaboration between new nanotechnology ventures and incumbents. Public Policy, 67-86, 4(3) {In Persian}.
[14] Naghizadeh, R. (2017). The Pattern of Cooperation between Small Knowledge-Based Firms and Industrial and Economic Firms; by Guaranteed-Buys Method, Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 81-101, 9(2) {In Persian}.
[15] Mocker, V., Bielli., S., & Haley, C. (2015). Winning together. A guide to successful corporate-start up collaborations.
[16] Sanz, A., & Terol, J. (2019). Critical success factors for start up and corporation collaboration. Master’s Thesis. Ramon Liull University. Blanquerna. Spain.
[17] Usman, M., & Vanhaverbeke, W. (2017). How start-ups successfully organize and manage open innovation with large companies. European Journal of Innovation Management, 20(1), 171-186.
[18] Edler, J. & Georghiou, L. (2007). Public Procurement and Innovation: Resurrecting the Demand Side. Research Policy, 36: 949-963.
[19] Vázquez Lucerga, R. J. (2018). Open innovation strategy: a framework for corporate-startup collaboration (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
[20] Geroski, P. A. (1990). Procurement policy as a tool of industrial policy. International review of applied economics, 4(2), 182-198.
[21] Edler, J. (2013). Review of policy measures to stimulate private demand for innovation. Concepts and effects. Compendium of Evidence on the Effectiveness of Innovation Policy Intervention, Nesta Working Paper No. 13, www.nesta.org.uk/wp13-13.
[22] Georghiou, L., Edler, J., Uyarra, E., & Yeow, J. (2014). Policy instruments for public procurement of innovation: Choice, design and assessment. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 86, 1-12.
[23] Narimani, M., Shalbafi, M., & Farzaneh, S. (2019). Public Procurement as Technology and Innovation Policy Tool: A Case Study of Iran-Lab-Expo. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 10(4), 17-33, {In Persian}. 
[24] Bessant, J., & Rush, H. (1995). Building bridges for innovation: the role of consultants in technology transfer. Research policy, 24(1), 97-114.
[25] De la Tour, A., Soussan, P., Harlé, N., Chevalier, R., & Duportet, X. (2016). From Tech to Deep Tech: Fostering collaboration between corporates and startups: BCG.
[26] Denysiuk, L. (2021). Success factors for corporate startup collaboration: An exploratory study investigating corporate startup collaborations in the Austrian financial sector. Master’s Thesis. Lauder Business School. Vienna. Austria.
[27] Wu, W. (2007). State policies, enterprise dynamism, and innovation system in Shanghai, China. Growth and Change, 38(4), 544-566.
[28] Dodgson, M., Mathews, J., Kastelle, T., & Hu, M. C. (2008). The evolving nature of Taiwan's national innovation system: The case of biotechnology innovation networks. Research Policy, 37(3), 430-445.
[29] Houck, J. P. (1987). Elements of agricultural trade policies. Illinois: Waveland press.
[30] Hausman, J. A., & MacKie-Mason, J. K. (1988). Price discrimination and patent policy. The RAND Journal of Economics, 19(2), 253-265.
[31] Alizadeh, P., & Malekifar, F. (2019). Policy Mixes for Science, Technology, and Innovation, Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 11(2), 513-526 {In Persian}.
[32] Tavalaee, R., & Mohammadzade, M. (2017). Techniques and tools of research methods in management. Tehran: Jahad Publications {In Persian}.
[33] Yin, R. (2014). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (5th Ed). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
[34] Saldaña, J. (2012). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (No. 14). Sage.
[35] Berg, B. L. (2001). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences, 4th eds. Boston, MA: Pearson
[36] Cresweel, J. (2012). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. (3th ED). SAGE Publications.
[37] Flick, U. (2008). Designing qualitative research. Sage.
[38] Fartash, K., & Elyasi, M. (2019). Iran's experience in developing high-tech medical innovations and the path ahead (Chapter 16) in global innovation Index 2019: creating Healthy lives—the future of medical innovation. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO, GENEVA).
[39] Guerini, M., & Quas, A. (2016). Governmental venture capital in Europe: Screening and certification. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(2), 175-195.
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار