توسعه کنام‌ فناورانه فتوولتائیک در ایران با رویکرد مدیریت راهبردی کنام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

2 کارشناسی‌ارشد مدیریت فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

10.22034/jstp.2020.12.1.1136

چکیده

اتخاذ سیاست‌های مناسب برای توسعه فناوری‌های انرژی‌ تجدیدپذیر، نیازمند شناسایی و تبیین درست تغییرات فناورانه است. از طرفی، توسعه فناوری‌های انرژی تجدیدپذیر در هر کشور بر اساس شرایط بومی آن کشور الزامات مختلفی داشته و به طیفی از عوامل اجتماعی و فنی وابسته است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد مدیریت راهبردی کنام و در قالب مطالعات موردی تاریخی و با روش تحقیق کیفی به تحلیل توسعه فناوری فتوولتائیک از منظر انتظارات، شبکه‌ها و یادگیری می‌پردازد. قلمرو زمانی بررسی، سال‌های 1370 تا 1398 و قلمرو مکانی، حوزه انرژی خورشیدی در ایران است. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده‌‌ها، مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته و داده‌های ثانویه موجود و روش تحلیل داده‌ها نیز تحلیل محتوا و استفاده از کدگذاری محوری بوده است. جامعه آماری مصاحبه، خبرگان دارای تجربه و تخصص در زمینه انرژی‌ خورشیدی در ایران بوده که 20 نفر از افراد با ویژگی‌ یادشده به روش گلوله برفی انتخاب و مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفته‌اند. با بررسی تعاملات بین فرآیندهای کنام نشان داده شده که اگر چه شبکه بازیگران در ابتدای دهه 1370 بسیار اندک بوده اما با گذشت زمان و وضع قوانین و برخی سیاست‌های حمایتی همچون خرید تضمینی برق تجدیدپذیر و حمایت از توسعه فناوری‌های انرژی‌ تجدیدپذیر، انتظارات بازیگران درباره کنام فتوولتائیک رشد کرده و در نهایت منتهی به رشد شبکه بازیگران آموزشی و دانشی در اواسط دهه 1380 و رشد شبکه بازیگران تولیدی و خدماتی طی دهه 1390 شده است. همچنین تأثیر رویدادهای مهمی همچون توافق برجام و سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی بر توسعه انتظارات و شبکه بازیگران فتوولتائیک ایران تشریح شده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Photovoltaic Technological Niche Development in Iran with Strategic Niche Management Perspective

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Sadegh Khayyatian Yazdi 1
  • Kiarash Fartash 1
  • Amir Ghorbani 2
1 Assistant Professor, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 MSc in Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

identification and explanation of the technological change. On the other hand, the development of renewable energy technologies in each country according to its native conditions has different requirements and depends on a range of social and technical factors. The present study analyzes the development of photovoltaic technology from the perspective of expectations, networks, and learning, with the approach of strategic niche management and in the form of historical case studies and qualitative research methods. Data gathering tools are semi-structured interviews and secondary data and the method of data analysis is through content analysis and axial coding. The statistical population for the expert interview is experienced in solar energy in Iran and 20 experts have been selected and interviewed by the snowball technique. Its temporal territory is between 1991 and 2019, and its spatial territory is Iran. Examining the Interaction between niche processes, it was shown that although the network of actors was weaknesses in the early 1991s, with over time and the Enforcement of supportive laws and policies such as feed-in tariff and support for the development of renewable energy technologies, it has finally led to the growth of the network of educational and knowledgeable actors in the mid-2000s and the growth of the network of production and service actors in the 2010s. The impact of important events such as JCPOA and foreign investment on the development of expectations and the network of photovoltaic actors has also been described.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Niche Development
  • Technological Niche
  • Solar Energy
  • Photovoltaic
  • Strategic Niche Management

مراجع

[1] Grübler, A. (1998). Technology and Global Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[2] Ren21. (2017). Advancing the Global Renewable Energy Transition. Paris: France.
[3] Jäger-Waldau, A. (2019). PV Status Report 2019. Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
[4] Bagheri-Moghaddam, N. (2013). Technological Innovation System Model of Renewable Energies in Iran. Dissertation for Ph.D, Allameh Tabataba’i University. {In Persian}.
[5] Markard, J., Raven, R., & Truffer, B. (2012). Sustainability transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects. Research Policy, 41(6), 955-967.
[6] Saghafi, F., & Azadegan-Mehr, M. (2019). Policy Making for Governance of Technology Transitions: Basics and Theories. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 11(2), 221-237. {In Persian}.
[7] Geels, F., & Raven, R. (2006). Non-linearity and expectations in niche-development trajectories: ups and downs in Dutch biogas development (1973–2003). Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol. 18, 375-392.
[8] Dehghan Ashkezari, M. J., Miremadi, T., & Ramezanpour Nargesi, Gh. (2019). The Assessment of International Sanctions on Photovoltaic Innovation System of Iran. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 10(4), 63-76. {In Persian}.
[9] Weber, M., Hoogma, R. J. F., Lane, B., & Schot, J. (1999). Experimenting with Sustainable Transport Technologies. A workbook for Strategic Niche Management. University of Twente. Retrieved from http://purl.tue.nl/573400255309879
[10] Tian, H., & Wang, Z. (2019). Chinese green process innovation in automotive painting: the strategic niche management perspective. International journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 17, 993–1010.
[11] Urban, F., Geall, S., & Wang, Y. (2016). Solar PV and solar water heaters in China: Different pathways to low carbon energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 64, 531–542.
[12] Romijn, H., Raven, R., & de Visser, I. (2010). Biomass energy experiments in rural India: Insights from learning-based development approaches and lessons for Strategic Niche Management. Environmental Science and Policy, 13(4), 326–338.
[13] Kemp, R., Schot, J., & Hoogma, R. (1998). Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: The approach of strategic niche management. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 10(2), 175–195.
[14] Xue, Y., You, J., Liang, X., & Liu, H. (2016). Adopting strategic niche management to evaluate EV demonstration projects in China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 8(2), 1–20.
[15] Van der Laak, W., Raven, R., & Verbong, G. (2007). Strategic niche management for biofuels: Analysing past experiments for developing new biofuel policies. Energy Policy, 35(6), 3213–3225.
[16] Opazo, J. (2014). The politics of system innovation for emerging technologies: Understanding the uptake of off-grid. University of Sussex. Retrieved from http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/54509/
[17] Sagar, A., & Majumdar, A. (2014). Facilitating a Sustainability Transition in Developing Countries. Rio+20 working paper No. 3.
[18] Van Eijck, J., & Romijn, H. (2008). Prospects for Jatropha biofuels in Tanzania: an analysis with strategic niche management. Energy Policy, 36(1):311–325.
[19] Ieromonachou, P., Potter, S., & Enoch, M. (2004). Adapting strategic niche management for evaluating radical transport policies-the case of the Durham Road Access Charging Scheme. International Journal of Transport Management, 2(2):75–87.
[20] Verbong, G., Geels, FW., & Raven, R. (2008). Multi-niche analysis of dynamics and policies in Dutch renewable energy innovation journeys (1970–2006): hype-cycles, closed networks and technologyfocused learning technology. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 20(5):555–573.
[21] Ruggiero, S., Martiskainen, M., & Onkila, T. (2018). Understanding the scaling-up of community energy niches through strategic niche management theory: insights from Finland. Journal of Clean Production, 170, 581–590.
[22] Geels, F. (2010). Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective. Research Policy, 39(4), 495–510.
[23] Raven, R. (2005). Strategic niche management for biomass Eindhoven. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR590593
[24] Schot, J., & Geels, F. (2008). Strategic niche management and sustainable innovation journeys: theory, findings, research agenda, and policy. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 20(5), 537–554.
[25] Mourik, R., & Raven, R. (2006). A practioner’s view on Strategic Niche Management Towards a future research outline. Eindhoven.
[26] Raven, R., & Geels, F. (2010). Socio-cognitive evolution in niche development: Comparative analysis of biogas development in Denmark and the Netherlands (1973-2004). Technovation, 30(2), 87–99.
[27] Yin, R. (2014). Case Study Research (5th Ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
[28] Creswell, J. W. (2015). 30 essential skills for the qualitative researcher. Sage Publications.
[29] Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.
[30] Elmustapha, H., Hoppe, T., & Bressers, H. (2018). Comparing two pathways of strategic niche management in a developing economy; the cases of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal energy market development in Lebanon. Journal of Cleaner Production, 186, 155–167.
[31] Rahimi rad, Z., Yahyazadefar, M., Miremadi, T., & Madhoshi, M. (2018). Analysis of Photovoltaic Solar System Technological Innovation System in Iran. Innovation Management Journal, 6(4), 1-28. {In Persian}.
[32] Mousavi Dorcheh, S., Ghanei Rad, M., Karimian, H., Zanozi-Zadeh, H., & Bagheri-Moghaddam, N. (2018). Presenting a Framework for Describing the Technological Transitions Based on the Multilevel Analysis Approach (Case Study: The Transition to Renewable Energy in Iran). Journal of Management Improvement, 12(2), 141-176. {In Persian}.
[33] Khayyatian Yazdi, M., Fartash, K., & Ghorbani, A. (2020). Historical Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Technology Development in Iran: An Institutional Approach. Journal of Management Improvement, article in press {In Persian}.
[34] Ministry of Energy. (2020). Water and electricity statistical reports [Online]. Available at: http://isn.moe.gov.ir
[35] IRENA. (2019). Renewable capacity statistics 2019. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Abu Dhabi.
[36] Verbong, G., Geels, F., & Raven, R. (2008). Multi-niche analysis of dynamics and policies in Dutch renewable energy innovation journeys (1970–2006): hype-cycles, closed networks and technology-focused learning. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 20(5), 555-573.
[37] Shubbak, M., (2019). The technological system of production and innovation: The case of photovoltaic technology in China. Research Policy, 48(4), 993-1015.
[38] Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. (2020). List of educational, knowledge and intermediary organizations [Online]. Available at: https://isac.msrt.ir/fa , https://www.msrt.ir/fa
[39] Rusco, F. (2012). Renewable Energy: Federal Agencies Implement Hundreds of Initiatives. California: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.
[40] Solarin. (2020). Database of manufacturing and service organizations in the field of photovoltaic [Online]. Available at: http://www.solarin.ir/companies.php/categories
 
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار