روندهای نوآیند در سیاست‌گذاری علم، فناوری و نوآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری‌های نوین، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر، اجماعی شکل گرفته مبنی بر اینکه روندهای نوینی در سیاست‌های نوآوری از منظر تبیینی و تجویزی در حال بروز هستند که به مراتب از انگاره‌های نظری رایج و غالب نئوکلاسیک و تکاملی‌ پیچیده‌تر می‌باشند. مقاله حاضر ضمن مرور پیشینه نظریه‌های سیاست‌های نوآوری، شاخص‌ترین روندهای نوین را معرفی و به طور مشخص به روندی از سیاست‌های نوآوری می‌پردازد که برای تخفیف چالش‌های محیط زیستی ظهور کرده است. در مقایسه تطبیقی که بین این روند و مکاتب قبلی سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری انجام می‌گیرد وجه تمایز آنها با رویکردهای غالب قبلی مشخص و در ادامه نیز چارچوب نظری و عملی آن از نظر خردمایه سیاستی، لایه‌های حکمرانی، بازیگران و کنش سیاستی توضیح داده می‌شود. در پایان، مقاله معضل سیاست‌گذاری آب در ایران را بررسی و آن را با استفاده از این چارچوب به عنوان یک مورد مطالعاتی تحلیل می‌کند. مقاله به این نتیجه رسیده که تحلیل سیاست‌های آب در ایران در چارچوب نظریه‌های نئوکلاسیک و تکاملی که به منظور افزایش رشد اقتصادی به طراحی سیاست‌های نوآوری می‌پردازند قابل انجام نبوده و تنها در چارچوب روند جدید تحلیل سیاست و با استفاده از خردمایه شکست گذار با زیرمجموعه‌های شکست جهت‌گیری، شکست تقاضا، شکست هماهنگی و شکست تفکر بازاندیشانه و انتقادی، می‌توان به تحلیل آن پرداخت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Emerging Trends of STI Policy

نویسنده [English]

  • Tahereh Miremadi
Associated Professor of IROST, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In the recent years, there have been a consensus formed over the new trends of innovation policy in the making which are more complex and extensive compared to neo-classic and evolutionary schools. This paper aims to review some of these trends in the context of STI policy theories, and more specifically, to focus on one of them which is set to bring forth new theoretical paradigm to meet environmental challenges. In a comparative studies, the common and distinct characteristics of the new paradigm are pointed out and then, the paper proceeds to explain its policy rationale, governance layers, actors and policy actions. And finally, it conducts the application of this framework on the case of study of water policy in Iran. The paper concludes the neoclassic and evolutionary paradigms designing STI policy with the aim of economic growth cannot be suitable for the framework by which the water policy analysis and the water policy needs the new paradigm of transition failure within which the directionality, demand, coordination and reflexive failure are the rationales for policy making.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Challenge
  • Transition Management
  • Multi-Level Perspective
  • Directionality Failure
  • Demand Failure
  • Coordination Failure
  • Reflexive Failure
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