سیر تحول مفاهیم و سیاست‌های انتقال فناوری بین‌المللی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیأت‌علمی دانشکده مدیریت، علم و فناوری دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران

2 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت کسب‌و‌کار، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران

چکیده

اکتساب فناوری تنها از طریق تحقیق‌و‌توسعه، امکان‌پذیر و اقتصادی نبوده و از این رو انتقال فناوری به عنوان یکی از روش‌های میان‌بر برای کسب توانمندی‌های فناورانه مطرح می‌شود. مفهوم انتقال فناوری بین‌المللی به همکاری‌های فناورانه میان بنگاه‌ها در فضای بین‌المللی اطلاق می‌شود که کشورهای در حال توسعه در خلال آن به وسیله جذب، کاربرد و توسعه فناوری انتقال داده‌شده، توسعه درون‌زای فناوری و فعالیت‌های تحقیق‌وتوسعه خود را رقم می‌زنند و به این ترتیب شکاف خود با کشورهای توسعه‌یافته را کاهش می‌دهند. با توجه به اهمیت سیاست‌های کلان در قبال انتقال فناوری و اثرگذاری آن بر توسعه فناورانه کشور، در این مقاله با بررسی دیدگاه‌های رایج به مقوله انتقال فناوری بین‌المللی، به تبیین سیر تکاملی سیاست‌های این حوزه خواهیم پرداخت و نشان خواهیم داد که سیاست «جایگزینی واردات» جای خود را به سیاست «توسعه مبتنی بر صادرات» داده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Evolution of the Concepts and Policies of International Technology Transfer

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Majidpour 1
  • Fatemeh Mojiri 2
1 Assisstant Professor, Department of Management, Science & Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 MBA, Department of Management, Science & Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Research and development (R&D) is not the only technology acquisition method as, in some cases, R&D is not feasible and economic. Thus, technology transfer is considered as one of the efficient and shortcut ways for acquiring technological capabilities. The concept of international technology transfer refers to the technological cooperation between firms in the international atmosphere in which developing countries are able to internalize transferred technologies through absorption, application and development of transferred technology. With respect to the importance of national policies in relation to technology transfer and its impact on technological development, this paper, by reviewing the current perspectives, explains the evolutionary trends of the international technology transfer policies. We show import substitution policy has been already replaced by export-led policy.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Policies of Technology Transfer
  • International Technology Transfer
[1] Majidpour, M. (2017). International technology transfer and the dynamics of complementarity: A new approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 122, 196-206.
[2] Majidpour, M. (2016a). Implementation of Technological Annex in Urban Megaprojects. Sponsor: Tehran Research and Planning Center. Contractor: Faculty of Management, Science and Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology. {In Persian}.
[3] Hobday, M. (1994). Export-led technology development in the four dragons: the case of electronics. Dev. & Change. 25(2), 331-361.
[4] Amesse, F., & Cohendet, P. (2001). Technology transfer revisited from the perspective of the knowledge-based economy. Research Policy, 30, 1459-1478.
[5] Souder, W. E. (1987). Technology Transfer: From the Lab to the Customer in Managing New Product Innovations. Lexington Books. Pp. 217-238.
[6] Pavitt, K. (1984). Sectoral Patterns of Technological Change: towards a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy, 13(6), 343-373.
[7] Smith, P. G., & Reinertsen, D. G. (1998). Developing Products in Half the Time. Van Nostrand Reinhold.
[8] Radosevic, S. (1999). International technology transfer and catch-up in economic development. Edward Elgar Publishing.
[9] Stewart, F. (1977). Technology and Underdevelopment. Macmillan, London.
[10] Mytelka, L. K. (1978). Licensing and technology dependence in the andean group. World Dev., 6, 447-460.
[11] Stewart, F. (1987). Money and South-South Cooperation. ThirdWorld Q., 9(4), 1184-1205.
[12] Pillai, P. M. (1979). Technology transfer, adaptation and assimilation. Econ. Polit. Wkly. 14 (in Katrak, H., Developing countries' imports of technology, in-house technological capabilities and efforts: an analysis of the Indian experience. Journal of Development Economics, 53, 67-83.
[13] Barga, H., & Willmore, L. (1991). Technological imports and technological effort: an analysis of their determinants in Brazilian firms. J. Ind. Econ., 39(4), 421-432.
[14] Perez, C. (2001). Technological change and opportunities for development as a moving target. CEPAL Rev., 75, 109-130.
[15] Lall, S. (1985). Trade in Technology by a Slowly Industrializing Country: India. In: Rosenberg, N., & Frischtak, C. (Eds.). The International Transfer of Technology. Praeger, NewYork.
[16] Bell, M., & Pavitt, K. (1993). Technological accumulation and industrial growth: contrasts between developed and developing countries. Ind. Corp. Chang., 2(2), 157-210.
[17] Freeman, C., & Hagedoorn, J. (1994). Catching up or falling behind: patterns in international interfirm technology partnering. World Dev, 22(5), 711-780.
[18] Katrak, H. (1997). Developing countries' imports of technology, in-house technological capabilities and efforts: an analysis of the Indian experience. J. Dev. Econ., 53, 67-83.
[19] Lee, J. (1996). Technology imports and R & D efforts of Korean manufacturing firms. J. Dev. Econ., 50, 197-210.
[20] Kim, L. (1998). Crisis Construction and Organizational Learning: Capability Building in Catching-up at Hyundai Motor. Organ. Sci., 9(4), 506-521.
[21] Cohen, W., & Levinthal, D. (1989). Innovation and learning: two faces of R&D. Econ. J., 99(397), 569-596.
[22] Majidpour, M., Khaledi, A., Nasri, Sh., Saber, A., & Minaei, M. (2017). The Role of Absorptive Capacity in Effectiveness of International Technology Transfer: Investigation of Part Suppliers in EF7 Project. Innovation Management Journal, 6(3), 53-80. {In Persian}.
[23] Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative science quarterly, 35(1), 128-152.
[24] Cho, S. W. (2014). The evaluation on the three critical models of absorptive capacity: A case study on logistics company in Korea. Universal Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 2(5), 119-125.
[25] Pack, H., & Saggi, K. (1997). Inflows of foreign technology and indigenous technological development. Rev. Dev. Econ., 1(1), 81-98.
[26] Von Krogh, G., Ichijo, K., & Nonaka, I. (2000). From Managing to Enabling Knowledge. In Enabling Knowledge Creation, Chap 1. Oxford University Press.
[27] Lee, K. (2005). Making a technological catch-up: barriers and opportunities. Asian J. Technol. Innov., 13(2), 97-131.
[28] Lin, Y., & Rasiah, R. (2014). Human Capital Flows in Taiwan's Technological Catch Up in Integrated Circuit Manufacturing. J. Contemp. Asia, 44(1), 64-83.
[29] Fagerberg, J., & Godinho, M. (2005). Innovation and Catching-up. In: Fagerberg, J., Mowery,D., & Nelson, R. (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford University Press (Chapter 19).
[30] Majidpour, M. (2015). Educational, Scientific and Technological Annex in Mega-projects. Sponsor: Center for Scientific-International Cooperation of the Ministry of Science. Contractor: Faculty of Management, Science and Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology. {In Persian}.
[31] Mowery, D. (1995). The Practice of Technology Policy. In Stonman, P. Handbook of the economics of innovation and technological change. Blackwell Ltd. Oxford.
[32] Chiesa, V., & Manzini, R. (2001). Innovation and the growing market for technical and scientific services. Paper presented at the Workshop on management and innovation of services.
[33] Lambe, C. J., & Spekman, R. E. (1997). Alliances, external technology acquisition, and discontinuous technological change. Journal of Product Innovation Management: AN INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION OF THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 14(2), 102-116.
[34] Majidpour, M. (2013). Technology Annex for International Documents and Contracts: Case Study of Iran and China. Sponsor: Technology Studies Institute, Office of Presidential Technology and Innovation Cooperation. {In Persian}.
[35] Safdari Ranjbar, M., Rahmanseresht, H., Manteghi, M., & Ghazinoori, S. (2018). Sectoral Innovation System of a Complex Product System Industry: Gas Turbine. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 9(4), 55-85. {In Persian}.
[36] Majidpour, M. (2016b). Technological catch-up in complex product systems, J. Eng. Technol. Manage., 41, 92-105.
[37] Saber, A., Elahi, Sh., Majidpour, M., Shayan, A., & Sahebkar, S. M. (2019). Investigating the Technological Catch-up Efforts in Biopharmaceutical Firms of Iran, Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 10(4), 49-94. {In Persian}.
[38] Mojiri, F., Sheykh, A., Payandehmenhr, B., & Majidpour, M. (2019). A Model for Indigenous Development of Biopharmaceutical Industry: The Case of CinnaGen Company. Management Improvement Journal. {In Persian}.
[39] Rogers, E. M., Yin, J., & Hoffmann, J. (2000). Assessing the effectiveness of technology transfer offices at US research universities. The Journal of the Association of University Technology Managers, Volume 12, 47-80.