چالش‌های سیاست‌گذاری برای تحقیقات بنیادی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

2 استاد گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

چکیده

در این مقاله، علوم بنیادی به معنای ماحصل تحقیقات بنیادی، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. تحقیق بنیادی به معنای پژوهشی که با هدف ایجاد فهمی بنیادی نسبت به پدیده موضوع پژوهش صورت می‌گیرد، واجد ویژگی‌هایی است که سیاست‌گذاران را برای تصمیم‌گیری با چالش‌ روبرو می‌کند. مهم‌ترین این ویژگی‌ها - که البته جملگی استثناءپذیر هستند - عبارتند از: ابهام مفهومی، عدم قطعیت و ریسک بالا، امتناع پیش‌بینی دقیق نتایج کاربردی و ارزیابی کمّی منافع حاصله، وجود واسطه و تأخیر زمانی برای تحقق نتایج کاربردی، دشواری تملک یافته‌ها و اهمیت در نظام ملی نوآوری. در این مقاله، مضامین اصلی پیشینه نظری تحقیقات بنیادی شامل تعریف و ویژگی‌ها، مبانی نظری و برخی جنبه‌های سیاستی با تمرکز بر سیاست علمی بازخوانی و مبتنی بر آن نیز برخی جنبه‌های مهم برای پژوهش‌های آتی ارائه شده است. یافته‌های کلیدی بازخوانی پیشینه نظری بدین شرح است: ۱) اهمیت تحقیقات بنیادی در توسعه و لزوم حمایت دولت از تحقیقات بنیادی امری مورد اتفاق می‌باشد اما حدود و ثغور آن مورد بحث است. حذف کامل تحقیقات بنیادی و استفاده از نتایج تحقیقات دیگران امری مردود است. ۲) انتقادات زیادی نسبت به فشار دولت‌ها به نهاد علم برای نشان دادن منافع حاصل از تحقیقات بنیادی مطرح است ولی در عین حال آزادی مطلق نهاد علم پذیرفته نیست. ۳) منافع حاصل از تحقیقات بنیادی متنوع و ارزیابی کامل آن غیرممکن است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Challenges of Policy Making in the Realm of Basic Research

نویسندگان [English]

  • Taha Shokatian 1
  • Sepehr Ghazinoory 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate in S&T Policy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Information Technology Mangement, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this paper, basic science regarded as the output of basic research has been the subject of investigation. Basic research, i.e. research undertaken with the aim of developing a fundamental understanding of the phonamonon under investigation, has properties that make policy decisions about it challenging. The most important of these properties, all of which could have exceptions, are: conceptual ambiguity, uncertainty and high risk, impossibility of a comprehensive prediction of practical ends and precise quantitative assessment of the benefits gained, the mediums and time lags for realization of the practical ends, difficulties in approapriation of the findings and importance in the national innovation system. In this paper, the main themes in the scientific and policy literature on basic research, including the definition and characteristics, theoretical foundations, and some policy aspects, with an emphasis on a sciece policy perspective is reviewed and based on that, some lines for future research is proposed. The literature reviewed yields the following key findings: 1) there is a consensus on the importance of basic research in development and the necessity that governments support it; the debate is on the limits; total elimination of basic research and using the findings of others is a rejected hypotheis; 2) there are sever criticisms about the governmental pressures on the scientific institution to represent the benefits gained from basic research; however, the absolute freedom of the scientific institution is not accepted as well; 3) the benefits from basic research are diverse and complete assessment of them is not possible.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Basic Research
  • Science Policy
  • Benefits from Basic Research
  • Research Assessment
  • Research Funding
  • Priority Setting
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