سیاست‌های علم، فناوری و نوآوری برای تقویت بوم‌سازگان نوآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران

چکیده

گرچه مفهوم بوم‌سازگان نوآوری محبوبیت فراوانی در میان پژوهشگران، مدیران و سیاست‌گذاران پیدا کرده اما هنوز توافق‌نظر چندانی روی تعاریف و تعابیر حول آن شکل نگرفته است. با این وجود، نگاه بوم‌سازگانی با تأکیدی که بر روابط میان کنشگران نظام نوآوری و هم‌وابستگی میان آنها برای آفرینش‌ ارزش، نقش بخش خصوصی و بنگاه‌های کوچک، نقش فناوری‌های دیجیتالی، نوآوری باز و نیروهای بازار و سمت تقاضای نوآوری دارد می‌تواند مکمل مناسبی برای دیدگاه نظام نوآوری در دنیای امروز باشد و به تقویت و ترمیم نظام‌های نوآوری کمک کند. این مقاله ضمن معرفی دیدگاه‌های مختلف بوم‌سازگانی و تفاوت‌ها و شباهت‌های آنها با یکدیگر، اجزاء و مراحل چرخه عمر و همچنین سیاست‌های تقویت و ترمیم بوم‌سازگان نوآوری را بررسی می‌کند. به دلیل تأکید بر نیروهای بازار و نقش بخش خصوصی در دیدگاه بوم‌سازگانی، پژوهش‌های مربوط به بوم‌سازگان‌های نوآوری عمدتاً دیدگاهی بنگاه‌محور دارند و کمتر از دید سیاست‌گذاری به مطالعه این مبحث پرداخته‌اند. در حال حاضر چارچوب جامع و مورد توافقی برای سیاست‌های تقویت بوم‌سازگان در دست نیست و لذا این مقاله اجمالاً دیدگاه‌های مختلف نسبت به این سیاست‌ها را مرور می‌کند. از آنجا که موفقیت بوم‌سازگان‌ها به عوامل متعددی بستگی دارد این دیدگاه‌ها نسبتاً متنوع هستند و شامل مواردی چون کمک به گذار بوم‌سازگان‌ها، ایجاد چشم‌انداز مشترک، ایجاد هم‌تکاملی، ایجاد نزدیکی جغرافیایی، تشکیل بن‌سازه و ایجاد ویژگی‌های مناسب در بوم‌سازگان می‌شود. در انتهای مقاله نیز بوم‌سازگان نوآوری داروهای زیستی در ایران به عنوان یک مورد از بوم‌سازگان نوآوری معرفی شده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

STI Policies to Augment Innovation Ecosystems

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Elyasi 1
  • Farkhondeh Malekifar 2
1 Associate Professorm, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D Candidate, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Despite its popularity among scholars, practitioners and policymakers, there is still no consensus around the term “innovation ecosystem” and related concepts. Ecosystem approach, which focuses on relationships between innovation system players and their interdependence to co-create value, role of private sector and small firms, role of digital technologies, open innovation, and market forces and demand side of innovation, can provide a complementary approach to innovation system to help augment innovation systems.
In this paper, different ecosystem approaches are introduced and innovation ecosystem components, ecosystem life cycle phases, and policies to strengthen innovation ecosystems are reviewed. Since ecosystem literature is more focused on firm strategies than government policies, there is still no comprehensive framework for innovation ecosystem policies, so in this paper different innovation ecosystem policies are reviewed. Innovation ecosystems’ success depends on multiple factors, and different innovation ecosystem policies were introduced in literature, including supporting ecosystem transition, supporting shared vision creation, supporting co-evolution, supporting geographic proximity, supporting platform creation, and supporting desired ecosystem properties. At the end, Iran’s biopharmaceutical innovation ecosystem is introduced as a case study.
 
 
 

* Corresponding author: elyasi.atu@gmail.com

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Innovation Ecosystems
  • Business Ecosystems
  • Ecosystem Life Cycle
  • Ecosystem Policies
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