نظام نوآوری فناورانه: الگویی برای سیاست‌گذاری نوآوری و توسعه فناوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران

چکیده

گرچه محققان و تحلیلگران سیاستی، مطالعات تجربی متنوعی را برای درک بهتر ساختار و پویایی نظام‌های نوآوری انجام داده‌اند اما سیاست‌گذاران در استخراج راهبردهای عملی، اغلب با مشکلاتی مواجه هستند. از میان رویکردهای مختلف به نظام‌های نوآوری، نظام نوآوری فناورانه رابطه تنگاتنگی با مفهوم سیاست‌گذاری نوآوری و توسعه فناوری و به خصوص سیاست‌های سیستمی پیدا کرده است. نظام نوآوری فناورانه ضمن تأثیر به­سزایی که در فرآیند تغییرات فناورانه دارد الگویی را فراهم می‌کند تا مسیرهای وقوع نوآوری‌های فناورانه شناسایی شوند. در این مقاله، ضمن آشنایی با مفهوم نظام نوآوری فناورانه و ساختارها و کارکردهای آن، الگویی برای سیاست‌گذاری نوآوری و تحلیل پویایی توسعه فناوری ارائه می‌شود و البته به این منظور، اثر مفاهیم مختلف مؤثر بر فرآیند سیاست‌گذاری مانند عوامل بافتاری و چرخه عمر هم در نظر گرفته شده است. در انتها نیز یک نمونه از کاربرد مفاهیم فوق در تحلیل نظام نوآوری فناورانه فتوولتائیک ایران نشان داده خواهد شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Technological Innovation System: a Scheme of Innovation Policy and Technology Development

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyed Iman Miremadi
Graduate School of Management and Economics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to improve understanding of the structure and dynamics of innovation systems, researchers and policy analysts have studied the various empirical cases. However, policymakers often face with problems in exploiting practical strategies. Among the different approaches to innovation systems, the technological innovation system has a close relationship with the concept of innovation policy. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate the technological innovation system, its structures and functions and also to analyse this concept for a scheme of innovation policy and technology development. The influence of contexts and life cycles that affect the policy process are also considered. Finally, in order to illustrate the application of the concepts, the photovoltaic technological innovation system in Iran is investigated.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Technological Innovation System
  • Innovation Policy
  • Technological Changes
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