فرآیند سیاست‌گذاری و حکمرانی علم، فناوری و نوآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران

2 دکترای سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

سیاست‌گذاری، کارکرد اساسی دولت و فرآیند مداخله به منظور دستیابی به نتایج و تحقق چشم‌انداز سیاسی آن است. مطالعه سیاست‌گذاری عمومی به دنبال توصیف و تبیین سیاست‌گذاری دولت‌ها و نحوه اثرگذاری و ایجاد تغییر در آن است. چارچوب‌ها و رویکردهای متنوعی با هدف تبیین و تجویز در حوزه سیاست عمومی معرفی شده که نقطه مشترک این رویکردها، توجه به پویایی نقش‌آفرینان، زمینه‌ها و تأثیرشان بر سیاست‌گذاری از ابتدای در اولویت قرار گرفتن یک مسئله در فضای سیاستی تا ارزیابی و بازخورد سیاست‌های پیاده‌شده درباره آن است. بر این مبنا حوزه علم، فناوری و نوآوری به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل عمومی که بر جامعه و رقابت‌پذیری ملی آن اثرگذار است متأثر از مداخلات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم دولت است. همچنین در عرصه سیاست‌گذاری علم، فناوری و نوآوری، مفهوم حکمرانی به علت پرداختن به نقش‌ها و تعاملات نقش‌آفرینان که منجر به سیاست‌گذاری می‌شود همواره در کنار فرآیند سیاست‌گذاری مورد توجه پژوهشگران و سیاست‌گذاران بوده است. این مقاله ضمن بررسی مبانی و مفاهیم سیاست‌گذاری عمومی و حکمرانی، دلالت‌های این دو حوزه نظری در فضای علم، فناوری و نوآوری را مورد توجه قرار داده و با مطالعه موردی بخش فاوا گوشه‌ای از کاربرد این مباحث را نیز به تصویر کشیده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

STI Policy Process and Its Governance

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hojatollah Hajihoseini 1
  • Zohreh Karimmian 2
1 Associate Professor, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. in Science and Technology Policy, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Policy making is a fundamental function of governments which is the intervention process in order to achieve results and realize the government’s political vision. Accordingly, the study of public policy seeks describing and explaining the governments’ policy making and the way in which it is affected and changed. different frameworks and approaches have been introduced with the aim of explaining and prescribing in the field of public policy. The common point of these approaches is paying attention to the dynamics of actors, the contexts and their impact on policy making from prioritizing an issue in the policy environment to evaluatation and feedback on the policies implemented on that issue. Based on this, the field of science, technology and innovation as one of the most important public problems that directly affects society and its national competitiveness is always influenced by government interventions either directly or indirectly. In the field of science, technology and innovation policy, the concept of governance, due to addressing the roles and interactions of role-makers that lead to policy-making, has always been at the center of the policy-making process for researchers and policymakers. This paper, while analyzing the foundations and concepts of public policy and governance, highlights the implications of these two theoretical areas in the field of science, technology and innovation, and the case study of the ICT sector portrays one of the uses of these topics.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Public Policy
  • Governance
  • STI Policy
  • ICT
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