مسیرهای تلاقی و همکاری فلسفه علم با سیاست‌گذاری علم، فناوری و نوآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران

چکیده

فلسفه علم، علم را به مثابه نظامی از ساختارهای مفهومی و گزاره‌ای و فرآیندهایی همچون تبیین، حل مسئله، اکتشاف و ارزیابی مورد ملاحظه قرار می­دهد و از صدق و کذب و معناداری و توجیه آن می‌پرسد و بحث می‌کند. سیاست‌گذاری علم، فناوری و نوآوری از سوی دیگر، حوزه‌ای مطالعاتی است که علم را به عنوان یک نهاد اقتصادی-اجتماعی-سیاسی تلقی و نسبت آن را با مقولاتی همچون رشد اقتصادی، رقابت‌پذیری، امنیت، اشتغال و رفاه می‌کاود و توصیه‌هایی را برای عملکرد بهتر نهاد علم از یک منظر اجتماعی صورت‌بندی می‌کند. این مقاله با تکیه بر مجموعه‌ای از مطالعات اسنادی و روش تحلیل مفهومی به مسیرهای ممکن همکاری میان دو حوزه فلسفه علم با مطالعات نوآوری و سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری می‌پردازد. نتیجه استدلال‌ها و تحلیل‌های مطرح‌شده در مقاله این است که علی‌رغم استبعاد ظاهری، این دو حوزه دست کم در چهار مسیر زایا می‌توانند همکاری کنند: ارائه تحلیل فلسفی از سازه‌های معرفتی و روش‌های رایج در مطالعات نوآوری، توسعه مفاهیم نوآوری و رشد اقتصادی برای دربرگرفتن ابعاد مسئولانه و اخلاقی آنها، کمک به درک ابعاد ایده‌پردازانه و خلاقانه فرآیند نوآوری با وام‌گیری از علوم شناختی و بالاخره کمک به شکل‌گیری نوعی نگاه نقادانه به فناوری از طریق بکارگیری منابع فلسفه فناوری. چهار مسیر فوق، چشم‌انداز همکاری میان دو حوزه مذکور را ترسیم می‌کنند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Avenues of Contact and Collaboration for Philosophy of Science with STI Policy

نویسنده [English]

  • Arash Moussavi
Assistant Professor, National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Philosophy of science considers science as a system including conceptual and propositional structures and as processes like explanation, problem-solving, discovery, and evaluation. It studies truth, falsehood, meaningfulness, and justification. On the other hand, science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy is a field that considers science as an economic-social-political institution and studies its relationships with economic growth, competitiveness, security, employment, and welfare. Applying documentary research and conceptual analysis, this paper investigates possible paths of collaboration between these two research fields. The main conclusion of the paper is that, despite their apparent difference and separation, these two fields could cooperate in at least four productive ways: Providing philosophical analysis about epistemic constructs and common methods in STI policy, developing concepts of innovation and economic growth to include responsible and ethical dimensions, helping to the formation of a deeper understanding of the creational aspects of innovation process borrowing from cognitive science, and lastly but not least, helping to the formation of a critical approach to technology applying resources from philosophy of technology, are four directions that sketch landscapes of collaboration between these two fields.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Philosophy of Science
  • Innovation
  • Innovation Studies
  • Science and Technology Policy
  • Interdisciplinary
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