الگوی تصمیم‌گیری توسعه تعاملات صنعتی دانشگاه با توجه به سازوکارها و بازیگران خارجی متنوع

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده مهندسی پیشرفت، دانشگاه علم‌وصنعت ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی صنایع، دانشگاه علم‌وصنعت ایران

3 دانشیار دانشکده مهندسی صنایع، دانشگاه علم‌وصنعت ایران

10.22034/jstp.2019.11.1.2021

چکیده

ارتباط دانشگاه با صنعت زمینه لازم را برای تبدیل دانشگاه به دانشگاه کارآفرین فراهم می‌آورد که این امر مستلزم شناخت صحیح از بازیگران حوزه صنعت و نیز سازوکارهای تعامل و انتقال دانش با آن‌ها می‌باشد. تنوع سازوکارهای تعاملی دانشگاه با صنعت و نیز تعدد بازیگرانی که یک دانشگاه می‌تواند با آن‌ها همکاری داشته باشد، لزوم اولویت‌بندی گزینه‌های تعامل دانشگاه با بازیگران خارج از آن را نشان می‌دهد. در این مقاله، الگویی برای شناسایی مهم‌ترین اولویت‌های همکاری از منظر دانشگاه ارائه شده‌است تا بتوان با شناخت اولویت‌ها، برنامه‌ریزی و زمینه‌سازی لازم برای توسعه تعاملات صنعتی، دانشگاه را سامان داد. در این الگو، نخست فهرست‌هایی از همکاران/بازیگران بالقوه و نیز سازوکارهای همکاری دانشگاه با صنعت شناسایی می‌شود که ترکیب آن‌ها گزینه‌های بالقوه تعاملات دانشگاه را ایجاد خواهد‌کرد، سپس فهرستی از معیارهای مؤثر بر توسعه تعاملات صنعتی دانشگاه استخراج شده و با بهره‌گیری از ابزار دلفی و نظرات خبرگان، گزینه‌های کارآمد از میان گزینه‌های بالقوه، شناسایی می‌گردد و در نهایت، به منظور اولویت‌بندی این گزینه‌ها از تلفیق دو روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره دیماتل و ویکور استفاده می‌شود. استفاده از این الگو در ارزیابی تعاملات صنعتی دانشگاه علم‌و‌صنعت ایران نشان می‌دهد «خدمات و قراردادهای تحقیقاتی» مهم‌ترین سازوکار ارتباطی است و استفاده از آن در تعامل با «شرکت‌های صنعتی و خدماتی» و پس از آن «سازمان‌های دولتی و عمومی» به عنوان همکاران دانشگاه، دو گزینه برتر جهت برقراری تعاملات خارجی محسوب می‌شوند. همچنین تأسیس شرکت‌های زایشی و مراکز تحقیقاتی مشترک نیز در رده دوم سازوکارهای مهم قرار دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Decision-making Pattern for University-industry Collaboration Considering the Diversity in Mechanisms and External Players

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Zakery 1
  • Mahsa Shamsollahi Shamsollahi 2
  • Alireza Ghafarimoghadam 2
  • Mir Saman Pishvaee 3
1 Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 - Master of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

University industry collaboration provides a sound context for university to become an entrepreneurial university; good understanding about relevant industrial players and collaboration mechanisms is a prerequisite. The diversity of partners and mechanism of industrial cooperation which university may approach to play its role in the national innovation system, highlights the importance of prioritizing the partner-mechanism choices. This research suggests a method for recognizing the priorities of industrial cooperation from the university perspective which leads to focus the required planning and preparations. This method begins with identification of university-industry collaboration mechanisms, key players and selection criteria; after recognition of effective combinations of mechanism-partner as decision choices using Delphi, the choices would be prioritized using a combination of DEMATEL and VICOR decision making methods. Applying this method for evaluating the industrial communications of Iran University of Science and Technology, demonstrates that "research services and contracts" is the most important mechanism and "manufacturing and service companies" as well as "public and state organizations" are the main partners of the university. Further, "spin-offs" and "joint research centers" are in the second priority with considerable capacities to accelerate university's movement toward an entrepreneurial university.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • knowledge transfer
  • university-industry interaction
  • entrepreneurial university
  • decision-making
[1] Guerrero, M., Urbano, D., Fayolle, A., Klofsten, M., & Mian, S. (2016). Entrepreneurial universities: emerging models in the new social and economic landscape. Small Business Economics, 47(3), 551-563.
[2] Miller, K., Alexander, A., Cunningham, J. A., & Albats, E. (2018). Entrepreneurial academics and academic entrepreneurs: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Technology Management, 77(1-3), 9-37.
[3] Etzkowitz, H. (2006). The Entrepreneurial University and the Triple Helix as a Development Paradigm. In Conference on Launching a Program to Transform University-Industry-Government Relations in Ethiopia (pp. 29-31).
[4] UNESCO. (1998). Higher Education in the Twenty-first Century: Vision and Action: World Conference..., Paris, 5-9, October, 1998. Unesco.
[5] Etzkowitz, H., & Zhou, C. (2008). Introduction to special issue Building the entrepreneurial university: a global perspective. Science and Public Policy, 35(9), 627-635.
[6] Tseng, F. C., Huang, M. H., & Chen, D. Z. (2018). Factors of university–industry collaboration affecting university innovation performance. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 1-18.
[7] Chang, S. H. (2017). The technology networks and development trends of university-industry collaborative patents. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 118, 107-113.
[8] Bagherinejad, J. (2008). University- Industry Relationship System for Technology Development in Iran: Mechanisms and Policy implications. Journal of Science & Technology Policy. Volume 1, Number 1 {In Persian}.
[9] Perkmann, M., & Walsh, K. (2008). Engaging the scholar: Three types of academic consulting and their impact on universities and industry. Research Policy, 37(10), 1884-1891.
[10] West, J., Vanhaverbeke, W., & Chesbrough, H. (2006). Open innovation: a research agenda. Open innovation: Researching a new paradigm, 285-307.
[11] Ramos-Vielba, I., Fernández-Esquinas, M., & Espinosa-de-los-Monteros, E. (2010). Measuring university–industry collaboration in a regional innovation system. Scientometrics, 84(3), 649-667.
[12] Guimón, J. (2013). Promoting university-industry collaboration in developing countries. World Bank, 3.
[13] Martinelli, A., Meyer, M., & Von Tunzelmann, N. (2008). Becoming an entrepreneurial university? A case study of knowledge exchange relationships and faculty attitudes in a medium-sized, research-oriented university. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 33(3), 259-283.
[14] D’Este, P., & Patel, P. (2007). University–industry linkages in the UK: What are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry?. Research policy, 36(9), 1295-1313.
[15] Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., McKelvey, M., Autio, E., Broström, A., D’Este, P., ... & Krabel, S. (2013). Academic engagement and commercialisation: A review of the literature on university–industry relations. Research policy, 42(2), 423-442.
[16] Bekkers, R., & Freitas, I. M. B. (2008). Analysing knowledge transfer channels between universities and industry: To what degree do sectors also matter?. Research policy, 37(10), 1837-1853.
[17] Chen, X., Yang, J. A., & Park, H. W. (2012). Chinese patterns of university-industry collaboration. Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy, 1(1), 116-132.
[18] De Wit-de Vries, E., Dolfsma, W. A., van der Windt, H. J., & Gerkema, M. P. (2018). Knowledge transfer in university–industry research partnerships: a review. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 1-20.
[19] Skute, I., Zalewska-Kurek, K., Hatak, I., & de Weerd-Nederhof, P. (2017). Mapping the field: a bibliometric analysis of the literature on university–industry collaborations. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 1-32.
[20] Jowkar, t., & Morovati, m. (2016). Triple helix of university-industry-government in the scientific articles of Iran. Journal of science & technology policy. volume 8, number 3 {In Persian}.
[21] Masaru, Y. (2006). University-industry collaboration networks for the creation of innovation: A comparative analysis of the development of lead-free solders in Japan, Europe and the United States (Vol. 1, pp. 368-386). IEEE.
[22] Siegel, D. S., Waldman, D. A., Atwater, L. E., & Link, A. N. (2003). Commercial knowledge transfers from universities to firms: improving the effectiveness of university–industry collaboration. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 14(1), 111-133.
[23] Barbolla, A. M. B., & Corredera, J. R. C. (2009). Critical factors for success in university–industry research projects. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 21(5), 599-616.
[24] Bozeman, B., & Gaughan, M. (2007). Impacts of grants and contracts on academic researchers’ interactions with industry. Research policy, 36(5), 694-707.
[25] Freitas, I. M. B., Geuna, A., & Rossi, F. (2013). Finding the right partners: Institutional and personal modes of governance of university–industry interactions. Research Policy, 42(1), 50-62.
[26] Meyer, M. (2003). Academic entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial academics? Research–based ventures and public support mechanisms. R&D Management, 33(2), 107-115.
[27] Clarysse, B., Wright, M., Lockett, A., Van de Velde, E., & Vohora, A. (2005). Spinning out new ventures: a typology of incubation strategies from European research institutions. Journal of Business venturing, 20(2), 183-216.
[28] Villani, E., Rasmussen, E., & Grimaldi, R. (2017). How intermediary organizations facilitate university–industry technology transfer: A proximity approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 86-102.
[29] Chau, V. S., Gilman, M., & Serbanica, C. (2016). Aligning university–industry interactions: The role of boundary spanning in intellectual capital transfer. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 123, 199-209.
[30] D’este, P., & Perkmann, M. (2011). Why do academics engage with industry? The entrepreneurial university and individual motivations. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 36(3), 316-339.
[31] Oliver, C. (1990). Determinants of interorganizational relationships: Integration and future directions. Academy of management review, 15(2), 241-265.
[32] Ankrah, S., & AL-Tabbaa, O. (2015). Universities–industry collaboration: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 31(3), 387-408.
[33] Gray, B. (1989). Collaborating: Finding common ground for multiparty problems.
[34] Meyer-Krahmer, F., & Schmoch, U. (1998). Science-based technologies: university–industry interactions in four fields. Research policy, 27(8), 835-851.
[35] Lee, Y. S. (2000). The sustainability of university-industry research collaboration: An empirical assessment. The journal of Technology transfer, 25(2), 111-133.
[36] Göktepe-Hulten, D., & Mahagaonkar, P. (2010). Inventing and patenting activities of scientists: in the expectation of money or reputation?. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 35(4), 401-423.
[37] Sherwood, A. L., Butts, S. B., & Kacar, S. L. (2004). Partnering for knowledge: a learning framework for university-industry collaboration. In Midwest Academy of Management, 2004 Annual Meeting (pp. 1-17).
[38] Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5 uppl.). Harlow: Pearson education limited
[39] Van Rijnsoever, F. J., Hessels, L. K., & Vandeberg, R. L. (2008). A resource-based view on the interactions of university researchers. Research Policy, 37(8), 1255-1266.
[40] Howells, J. (2006). Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation. Research policy, 35(5), 715-728.