تحلیل فرآیند سیاستی تصویب قانون حمایت از شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان بر اساس چارچوب ائتلاف مدافع

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

2 دانشیار دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

3 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

چکیده

بررسی تجارب عمده سیاست‌گذاری در حوزه علم و فناوری برای آگاهی از چالش‌ها و درس‌آموخته‌های فرآیند سیاستی آنها، اقدامی حائز اهمیت است. بر این اساس در مقاله حاضر، قانون حمایت از شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان که یکی از مهم‌ترین تجارب سیاست‌گذاری علم، فناوری و نوآوری در کشور محسوب می‌شود با استفاده از چارچوب ائتلاف مدافع (که چارچوبی شناخته‌شده برای تحلیل فرآیند سیاستی در شرایط بروز اختلاف و تفاوت دیدگاه بین بازیگران سیاستی است) در بازه زمانی سال‌های 1386 تا 1395 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. داده‌های مورد نیاز تحقیق به کمک‌ مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته با بازیگران اصلی این فرآیند و تحلیل محتوای اسناد سیاستی مرتبط با آن جمع‌آوری شده است. نتایج، حاکی از وجود دو ائتلاف عمده در این فرآیند می‌باشد که یکی از نقش معاونت علمی و فناوری ریاست‌جمهوری با رویکردی مابعد دانشگاهی به عنوان مجری قانون حمایت می‌کند و دیگری وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری و دبیرخانه شورای عتف با رویکردی کم و بیش دانشگاه‌محور است. مهم‌ترین سازوکارهای تغییر در این فرآیند بر اساس میانجی‌گری بازیگران بی‌طرف و تغییرات بیرونی ناشی از تغییر دولت در سال‌های 1388 و 1392 حاصل شده است. دلالت‌های کاربردی این مقاله می‌تواند در تلاش‌های آینده سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری برای به حداقل رساندن مناقشه‌های سیاستی مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing Policy Process of the Law for Supporting Knowledge-Based Firms Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Elyasi 1
  • Habibollah Tabatabaeian 2
  • Kiarash Fartash 3
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
3 Ph.D. of Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Analyzing major S&T policy making experiences is an important step to be aware of challenges and drawing lessons from policy processes. Based on this, current paper is investigating the law for supporting knowledge-based firms by the well-recognized advocacy coalition framework (ACF) over the last decade (from 1386 to 1395). Data needed for this research were gathered by conducting semi-structures interviews with policy participants and content analysis of available policy documents. Results indicate that, there are two main coalitions in this process of which one is supporting vice-presidency for science and technology with a post university approach as main body in charge of executing the law and the other supporting ministry for research, science and technology as well as science, research and technology council's secretariat with a more or less academic approach. The main change mechanisms in this process involve neutral policy brokers and external changes due to the major changes in administration in 1388 & 1392. Practical implications of this paper can be used in future S&T policy making attempts in order to minimize the policy struggles and stalemates.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Law for Supporting Knowledge-Based Firms
  • Advocacy Coalition Framework
  • Knowledge-Based Firms
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