ارائه چارچوب راه اندازی و توسعه آزمایشگاههای ملی علم و فناوری در ای ران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/jstp.2026.12110.1957

چکیده

آزمایشگاه‌های ملی به‌عنوان نهادهایی کلیدی در پیشبرد توسعه علمی و فناورانه، ظرفیت‌های علمی کشورها را متمرکز نموده و با راهبری پروژه‌های بزرگ علم و فناوری در ارتقاء مرجعیت علمی یا حل مسائل جامعه تاثیرگذار هستند. با این حال الگوها و تجارب موجود آزمایشگاه‌های علمی در ایران، عمدتاً خدمات‌محور و وابسته به بودجه‌های دولتی باقی مانده‌اند. در این راستا پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی چارچوبی برای راه‌اندازی و اداره‌ی آزمایشگاه‌های ملی در ایران انجام شده است. در این راستا ابتدا ویژگی‌های آزمایشگاه‌های ملی از تجربه‌های بین‌المللی استخراج گردید. سپس با رویکردی کیفی و با استفاده از 14 مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته و برگزاری گروه کانونی، چارچوب ویژگی‌ها و مدیریت آزمایشگاه‌های ملی برای ایران پیشنهاد شده است. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، چالش‌های تاثیرگذار بر فعالیت‌های آزمایشگاه‌های ملی در ایران شامل وابستگی به بودجه دولتی، تمرکز مدیریتی، و محدودیت در به کارگیری منابع انسانی است. لذا، چارچوب پیشنهادی راه‌اندازی و اداره این آزمایشگاه‌ها شامل 5 اصل محوری الف) راهبری هیئت‌امنایی با استقلال عملیاتی، ب) مدل منابع انسانی «هسته‌ی ثابت محدود + همکاران گسترده»، ج) تأمین مالی چندمنبعی و تعریف پروژه‌ها با ترکیب جهت‌گیری از بالا به پایین و پیشنهاد از پایین به بالا در سه سطح پژوهش‌های لبه دانش، تحقیقات کاربردی و پروژه‌های نیازمحور، همراه با توسعه زیرساخت‌های پروژه‌محور، د) شخصیت حقوقی مستقل همراه با قرارداد مدیریت با نهاد میزبان و هـ) گسترش دامنه مشارکت و خدمات آزمایشگاه است. این چارچوب در اطمینان از کارآمدی، پایداری و اثرگذاری آزمایشگاه‌های ملی در توسعه علم و فناوری موثر خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Proposing A Framework For National S&T Labs In Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kiarash Fartash 1
  • Narges Sadat Ghadamgahi 2
1 Associate Professor of Science and Technology Policy Making, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Master of Science and Technology Policy Making, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

National laboratories (labs) are pivotal institutions in the advancement of science and technology (S&T), by consolidating national research capacities and leading large-scale S&T projects to respond to national demands or push the frontiers of science. However, existing experiences of S&T labs in Iran have remained mostly service-oriented and dependent on government funding for their daily operations. This study aims to propose a framework for founding and managing national S&T labs in Iran. To this end, we reviewed the characteristics of national labs from Iranian and international experiences. By adopting a qualitative approach and conducting 14 semi-structured interviews, as well as convening a focus group, we propose a framework of features and principles for the foundation and operation of national S&T labs in the Iranian context. According to our findings, significant challenges affecting the performance of national labs include dependence on government budgets, centralized management, and limitations in utilizing external human resources. To address these limitations, our proposed framework entails five principles, i.e., (a) board of trustees governance with operational independence, (b) limited core staff complemented by an extended network of external researchers, (c) a diversified financial portfolio and project selection approach that integrates top-down strategic directions with bottom-up proposals, across frontier, applied research, and demand-driven projects, supporting infrastructure upgrade on project-basis, (d) an independent legal entity established under a management contract with a host institution, and lastly, (e) expansion of stakeholders participation and the scope of lab services. This framework provides implications towards ensuring the efficiency, continuation, and impact of national labs in S&T development in Iran. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • National Labs
  • S&T Development
  • Science Infrastructure
  • Science Policy
  • Financing Science
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