امکان‌سنجی اعطای شخصیت ‌حقوقی به هوش‌ مصنوعی:ارائه پیشنهاد سیاستی به مقنن ایرانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

گسترش و سهولت استفاده از هوش‌ مصنوعی و احتمال ورود خسارت ناشی از کاربست هوش‌ مصنوعی در ابعاد مختلف، به‌ وجود‌ آمدن شرایط لازم برای جبران خسارات ناشی از تصمیمات و اعمال اتخاذشده توسط هوش‌ مصنوعی، فراهم‌ شدن امکان معامله مستقیم توسط آن و زدودن موانع حقوقی پیشرفت در این حوزه، همگی نیاز به اعتبارکردن شخصیت‌ حقوقی برای هوش‌ مصنوعی را به عنوان چاره‌ای علمی، مطرح کرده‌اند. عمده سوالات حقوقی درباره هوش‌ مصنوعی به نوعی با امکان دارا شدن حق‌ و‌ تکلیف توسط هوش‌ مصنوعی (داراشدن شخصیت‌  حقوقی) مرتبط است. مقاله حاضر با استفاده از تحلیل داده‌های حاصل از مطالعه اسناد و منابع کتابخانه‌ای و با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی به بررسی این موضوع پرداخته که برآیند آن، این شده که با توجه به ماهیت شخصیت ‌حقوقی، گرچه اعطای شخصیت ‌حقوقی فی‌نفسه امری ممکن است اما ظرفیت اعطای شخصیت ‌حقوقی به هوش‌ مصنوعی بر اساس مقررات فعلی ایران، وجود ندارد. همچنین پژوهش حاضر به عنوان پیشنهاد، مطرح می‌دارد که با پیش‌بینی شخصیت ‌حقوقی برای هوش‌ مصنوعی، می‌توان از شناسایی شخصیت ‌حقوقی هوش‌ مصنوعی برای تدوین سیاست قانونی موثر ایران در کنش‌گری قانونی فعال در حوزه هوش‌ مصنوعی بهره برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Recognizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) As A Legal Person: Providing A Policy Proposal to The Iranian Legislator

نویسندگان [English]

  • morteza shahbazinia 1
  • Mohammad Javad Zolghadr 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Private Law,, Faculty of Law,, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Private Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Irany
چکیده [English]

The expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) usage and the potential for damages arising from its application in various domains necessitate the establishment of conditions for compensating losses resulting from AI decisions and actions. This includes enabling direct transactions through AI and removing legal barriers to progress in this field. Consequently, the need to recognize legal personality for AI has emerged as a reasonable solution. Most legal questions regarding AI are related to the possibility of AI acquiring rights and obligations (i.e., having legal personality). This study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology based on library research to explore this issue. The findings indicate that while granting legal personality is theoretically possible, the current regulations in Iran do not support the extension of legal personality to AI. Furthermore, this research proposes that by anticipating legal personality for AI, it would be possible to utilize this recognition in formulating effective legal policies in Iran concerning active legal engagement in the field of AI. The discourse surrounding AI's legal status reflects broader concerns about accountability, responsibility, and the implications of recognizing entities that operate independently of human oversight. As such, establishing a framework for AI's legal personality could pave the way for clearer guidelines on liability and ownership in transactions involving AI systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Terms and Conditions
  • Business
  • Ethics
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Cross-Sectional Study

مراجع

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سیاست علم و فناوری
دوره 17، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 63
هوش مصنوعی و آینده ایران: پرسش‌ها، چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها
مهر 1403
صفحه 41-52

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