طراحی و تحلیل مدل اثرگذاری بوم‌‌سازگان نوآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

اهمیت بوم‌‌سازگان‌‌های نوآوری در بین محققان و نیز در سطح جامعه در حال افزایش است و بوم‌‌سازگان نوآوری ایران نیز از این قاعده مستثنی نیست. اما به نظر می‌‌رسد علی‌‌رغم حمایت‌‌های انجام شده از سوی دولت، این بوم‌‌سازگان هنوز به اثرگذاری لازم نرسیده است. به همین منظور، پژوهش حاضر به تحلیل کارکردهای بوم‌‌سازگان نوآوری کشور پرداخته است. متناسب با این هدف، طرح پژوهش کیفی و روش نظریه داده‌‌بنیاد بکار گرفته شد. نظر 22 مشارکت‌‌کننده از طریق مصاحبه و دیدگاه 13 نفر از بازیگران بوم‌‌سازگان نیز از طریق داده‌‌های ثانویه اتخاذ شد. طبق یافته‌‌ها، اگرچه دولت به دنبال رفع موانعی از قبیل قوانین متناقض و بوروکراسی گسترده در بوم‌‌سازگان بوده، اما همزمان با گسترش فعالیت دولت، موانع بوروکراتیک نیز که ریشه در دولت دارد، افزایش می‌‌یابد. همچنین مشوق‌های مالی دولت و فراهم آوردن زیرساخت با هدف ایجاد قابلیت نوآوری و تقویت ارتباطات بین بازیگران است، در صورتی که نوع سازوکار حمایتی صورت گرفته، محرکی جدی برای فراهم کردن فرصت یادگیری دانش فناورانه و یادگیری تعاملی میان بازیگرانی مانند دانشگاه و صنعت نبوده است. علاوه بر این از یک سو حمایت دولت از نوآوری در مرحله رشد شرکت‌‌هاست، اما از سوی دیگر مداخله‌‌گری در کنترل بازار مانع از بهره‌‌برداری از همان نوآوری در بازار می‌‌گردد. بازیگران بوم‌‌سازگان در مواجه با این کارکرد و نیز با توجه به کارایی انطباقی نهادی در بوم‌‌سازگان، عوامل کلان و همچنین انگیزه‌‌های خویش، سه راهبرد عمده ترک بوم‌‌سازگان، عدم ورود به بوم‌‌سازگان و یا ماندن حداقلی در آن را اتخاذ می‌‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Design and Analysis of Innovation Ecosystem Effect Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nima Esfandiari 1
  • Mahmoud Moradi 2
  • Mohammad-Rahim Ramazanian 2
  • Mostafa Ebrahimpour Azbari 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The importance of innovation ecosystems among researchers and at the level of society is increasing, and Iran's innovation ecosystem is no exception to this rule. But it seems that despite the support provided by the government, this ecosystem has not yet reached the required effect. To this end, the current research has analyzed the function of the Iran's innovation ecosystem. According to this goal, qualitative research design and grounded theory method were used. The opinions of 22 participants were taken through interviews and the opinions of 13 ecosystem actors were taken through secondary data. According to the findings, while the government sought to remove obstacles such as contradictory laws and widespread bureaucracy in the ecosystem, at the same time with the expansion of the government's activity, the bureaucratic obstacles that are rooted in the government correspondingly increase. The government's financial incentives and providing infrastructure to foster innovation capability and strengthening communication between actors. Existed support mechanisms have not been a serious stimulus in order to provide the opportunity to learn technological knowledge and interactive learning between actors like university and industry. Moreover, on the one hand the government support companies in growth stage to innovate, but on the other hand its intervention to control the markets prevents the exploitation of the aforementioned innovation in the market. In the face of these paradoxes, ecosystem actors, considering the adaptive efficiency of institutions in the ecosystem and their own motivations, choose three major strategies: leaving the ecosystem, not entering the ecosystem, or staying minimalistic on ecosystem.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecosystem
  • Innovation
  • Business
  • Government
  • Grounded Theory

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