The Model for Sustainability of Knowledge-based Firms in Iran

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Institute for Fundamental Research on Science & Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of accounting & management, Allame Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of accounting & management,Allame Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The Knowledge based economy is the modern economy that in which, the production, distribution and use of knowledge is the main source of growth and wealth creation. Knowledge based firms, are driver of Knowledge based economy. These firms have role in the synergy of science and wealth, development of Knowledge based economy, achievement to the scientific and economic objectives and commercialization of research and development in high technologies. However, due to inherent risks and specific characteristics, growth and sustainability is one of the challenges of these firms’ success. Despite the remarkable effectiveness of these firms, the statistics show that most of them are failed or remain small at the period and few of them be large. Also the successful entry into the market and compete has high uncertainty and several limitations. Therefore, the large number of firms, especially new firms, leave the market early after entering. The aim of this article is to provide a model to explain sustainability and the factors affecting the sustainability of Knowledge based firms in Iran.

In this article, concept model and questionnaire is designed after reviewing the literature and an assortment of some of the factors affecting the sustainability of Knowledge based firms, with an emphasis on depth interviews with 12 of managers and experts in field of Knowledge based firms. Finally, the questionnaire was run with the participation of 330 managers of firms located in S&T parks.

The results of this study showed that the sustainability is formed of 4 components, including financial results, market outcomes, innovation results and entrepreneurshio results. Secondly, the factors affecting the sustainability of Knowledge based firms, have two main components, including internal factors consisting of 2 factors: individual founders factors and corporative factors and also external factors consisting of 2 factors: the characteristics of business and innovation system components.

Keywords

References

 
[1]           Zhou, H., & De Wit, G. (2009). Determinants and dimensions of firm growth. SCALES EIM Research Reports (H200903).
[2]           Nonaka, I. (1998). Harvard business review on knowledge management. Harvard Business School Press: Boston. Pp. 21-45.
[3]           Rickne, A., & Jacobsson, S. (1999). New technology-based firms in Sweden-a study of their direct impact on industrial renewal. Economics of innovation and new technology, 8(3), 197-223.
 [4]          قانون حمایت از شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان. (1389). مصوب مجلس شورای اسلامی.
[5]           خیاطیان، محمدصادق؛ طباطبائیان، سید حبیب‌اله و الیاسی، مهدی. (1394). تحلیل محتوای ویژگی‌های شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان. مجله پژوهش‌های مدیریت منابع سازمانی، دوره 5، شماره 2، صص 21-47.
[6] Audretsch, D. B., & Mahmood, T. (1991). The hazard rate of new establishments: a first report. Economics Letters, 36(4), 409-412.
[7] Mata, J., & Portugal, P. (1994). Life duration of new firms. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 227-245.
[8] Audretsch, D. B., & Mahmood, T. (1995). New firm survival: new results using a hazard function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 97-103.
[9] Mata, J., Portugal, P., & Guimaraes, P. (1995). The survival of new plants: Start-up conditions and post-entry evolution. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13(4), 459-481.
[10] Dunne, T., Roberts, M. J., & Samuelson, L. (1988). Patterns of firm entry and exit in US manufacturing industries. The RAND journal of Economics, 495-515.
[11] Audretsch, D. B., & Vivarelli, M. (1996). Firms size and R&D spillovers: Evidence from Italy. Small Business Economics, 8(3), 249-258.
[12]         Nassereddine, M. (2010). Start–ups survival analysis using the Kauffman Firm Survey: An analysis of founding and current conditions on survival. USA: Florida International University.
[13]         Persson, H. (2002). The Survival and Growth of New Establishments in Sweden, 1987–1995. Stockholm University.
[14]         Aspelund, A., Berg-Utby, T., & Skjevdal, R. (2005). Initial resources' influence on new venture survival: a longitudinal study of new technology-based firms. Technovation, 25(11), 1337-1347.
[15]         Storey, D. J., & Tether, B. S. (1998). New technology-based firms in the European Union: an introduction. Research policy, 26(9), 933-946.
[16]         علی‌احمدی، علیرضا و قاضی‌نوری، سید سروش. (1387). اولویت‌بندی ابزارهای سیاستی حمایت از شرکت‌های تازه‌تأسیس فناوری‌محور در کشور با استفاده از مدل تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره فازی. مجله سیاست علم و فناوری، سال اول، شماره 3، صص 73-89.
[17]         Natural venture capital Assosiation (NVCA),  (2004). what is venture capital. Available at: http://www.nvca.org/.
[18]         Avnimelech, G., & Teubal, M. (2003). Evolutionary venture capital policies: insights from a product life cycle analysis of Israel’s venture capital industry. Available at SSRN 2758173.
[19]         Grant Thoronton, (2005). Global new markets guide. Available at:
http://www.gta.am/globalnewmarketsguide2005.asp
[20]         Mohnen, P. (2003). Raising EU R&D Intensity: Improving the Effectiveness of Public Support Mechanisms for Private Sector Research and Development", Report to the European Commission by an Independent Expert Group (member of the expert group, Community Research).
[21]         Center for Urban Revitalization and Empowerment (CURE) news. (2002, Oct.). FLORIDA Atlantic University.
[22]         Van Pottelsberghe, B., Nysten, S., & Megally, E. (2003). Evaluation of current fiscal incentives for business R&D in Belgium. Solvay Business School and Service Public Federal de Programmation Politique Scientifique, Brussels. Available at:
www.nvca.com/def.html.
[23]         Siegel, D. S., Wessner, C., Binks, M., & Lockett, A. (2003). Policies promoting innovation in small firms: Evidence from the US and UK. Small Business Economics, 20(2), 121-127.
[24]         Storey, D. J., & Tether, B. S. (1998). Public policy measures to support new technology-based firms in the European Union. Research policy, 26(9), 1037-1057.
[25]         OECD. (2000). Science, technology and industry outlook. France.
[26]         Rannikko, H. E. I. K. K. I. (2012). Early development of new technology-based firms. A Longitudinal Analysis on New Technology-Based Firms’ Development from Population Level and Firm Level Perspectives, Hanken School of Economics.
[27]         Hoxha, D. (2006).  Determinants of Growth- An Empirical Analysis of new firms and fast growing firms in Kosova. University of Barcelon, Research work.
[28]         Wagner, J. (1992). Firm size, firm growth, and persistence of chance: Testing GIBRAT's law with establishment data from Lower Saxony, 1978–1989. Small Business Economics, 4(2), 125-131.
[29]         Scholten, V. E. (2006). The early growth of academic spin-offs:[factors influencing the early growth of Dutch spin-offs in the life sciences, ICT and consulting]. Phd Thesis, Wageningen University and Researchcentrum, the Netherlands.
[30]         Almus, M., & Nerlinger, E. A. (1999). Growth of new technology-based firms: which factors matter?. Small business economics, 13(2), 141-154.
[31]         Roure, J. B. (1988). Factors that Influence the Formation of New Technological Enterprises. Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa, Universidad de Navarra.
[32]         Kirchhoff, B. A., & Greene, P. G. (1998). Understanding the theoretical and empirical content of critiques of US job creation research. Small Business Economics, 10(2), 153-169.
[33]         Zoller, T. (2007). Factors Influencing Start-up and Spinoff Formation in Technopoles: Identifying the Catalysts to Encourage Technology-based Entrepreneur. Available at:
http://www.renci.org/wpcontent/pub/fellows/Zoller.pdf
[34]         Davidsson, R., Kirchhoff, B., Hatemi-J, A., & Gustavsson, H. (2000, June). Factors underlying business growth in Sweden. In ICSB World Conference, June (pp. 7-10).
[35]         Fontes, M. M. D. D. C. (1995). New technology based firms and national technological capability: the case of Portugal (Doctoral dissertation).
[36]         Roure, J. B. (1988). Factors that Influence the Formation of New Technological Enterprises. Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa, Universidad de Navarra. Available at:
http://www.iese.edu/research/pdfs/DI-0131-E.pdf.
[37]         Rowen, H. S., & Toyoda, A. M. (2002). From Keiretsu to Startups: Japan’s Push for High Tech Entrepreneurship. Asia-Pacific Research Center Working Paper. Stanford, CA. Available on-line at< http://aparc. stanford. edu/publications/20027.
[38]         قاضی‌نوری، سید سپهر و قاضی‌نوری، سید سروش. (1391). مقدمه‌ای بر سیاستگذاری علم، فناوری و نوآوری. تهران: دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
 
Journal of Science and Technology Policy
Volume 9, Issue 2
July 2016
Pages 49-62

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics