بررسی مناقشات تنظیم‌گری کسب‌وکارهای پلتفرمی از طریق نظریه کنشگر-شبکه و نقشه‌کشی مناقشه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، دانشگاه مازندران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، ایران.

چکیده

توسعه فناوری اطلاعات و مواجهه با انقلاب صنعتی چهارم همراه با گسترش کسب‌‌وکارهای پلتفرمی بوده که تغییراتی را بر الگوی اقتصاد، محیط کسب‌وکار سنتی و رفاه مصرف‌کننده اعمال کرده است. مطالعات پیرامون منافع و چالش‌های این کسب‌‌وکارها حکایت از آن دارد که چگونگی حمایت و مشروعیت‌بخشی به آنها به عنوان کاربردی از توسعه علوم و فناوری نوین، مورد سوال است. در ایران نیز، در حوزه کسب‌‌وکارهای پلتفرمی حمل‌‌ونقل، این مسئله موجب ایجاد تعارضاتی شده و چالش‌‌هایی را برای سیاستگذاران ایجاد کرده است. صورت‌بندی این تعارضات ذیل مفهوم مناقشات و همچین شناسایی کنشگران، احصاء مسائل و بررسی روابط بین آنها می‌تواند مفید باشد. از همین رو، در این پژوهش سعی شده است که از طریق نظریه کنشگر-شبکه، کل شبکه‌‌ کنشگران این حوزه و روابط بین آنها شناسایی و تحلیل شود. داده‌‌های این پژوهش که مربوط به بازه زمانی سال‌‌های 1393 تا سال1400 است، مبتنی بر ابزار نقشه‌‌کشی مناقشه جمع‌‌آوری و به منظور تکمیل داده‌‌ها، مصاحبه‌‌های هدفمندی نیز، انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌‌دهد که فرآیند تنظیم‌‌گری کسب‌‌وکارهای پلتفرمی تاکنون با سه مناقشه سرد «مجوز ورود به بازار» ،«منع فعالیت در شهرستان»، «فعالیت غیر قانونی» و یک مناقشه گرم «قیمت‌‌گذاری پویا»، مواجه بوده است که به ترتیب دارای 62، 22، 18 و 17 کنشگر هستند، این مناقشات از طریق ایجاد اتحادیه کسب‌‌وکارهای مجازی، ابلاغ آیین‌‌نامه، تدوین دستورالعمل مربوطه و اعطای مجوز رفع شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysing Platform Business Regulation Controversies with Actor- Network Theory and Cartography of Controversy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Reyhaneh Mirsalari 1
  • nader razeghi 2
  • Javad Soltanzadeh 3
1 PhD Student of Science & Technology Policy, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2 Associate Prof, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The development of information technology underpinning the Industrial 4. revolution led to increased platform businesses, which changed the economic model, the business environment, and consumer welfare. Debates about these businesses' benefits and challenges indicate that they are still in question and how to support and regulate them as an application of new science and technology development. The issues of Iranian ride-sharing platform businesses can also develop in line with this question, which has created challenges for policymakers. Since these studies have yet to draw apparent horizons for policymakers, this article aims to explain these issues under controversies, identify the actors, itemize them, and examine their relationships. Therefore, we recognize and analyze a network of actors in this field and their relationships through the Actor-Network Theory. The data of this research, which is related to the period of 1393 to 1400, was collected based on the Cartography of Controversies tool and completed the data with targeted interviews. The results show three cold disputes raised: market entry permits, prohibition of activity in some cities, illegal activity and one hot controversy: dynamic pricing in the regulatory process of platform businesses which have 62, 22, 18 and 17 actors respectively. Furthermore, creating the virtual business union, notification of the regulations, developing the relevant guidelines and issuing the permits have been resolved.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Regulation
  • Cartography of Controversy
  • Actor-Network Theory
  • Transportation Platform Businesses
  • Regulation of Platform Businesses

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