Iranian Association for Management of Technology Journal of Science and Technology Policy 20080840 12 2 2019 06 22 Policy Mixes for Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy Mixes for Science, Technology, and Innovation 513 526 13723 FA Parisa Alizadeh Ph.D., Technology Management, Allameh Tabataba&#039;i University, Tehran, Iran Farkhondeh Malekifar Researcher, ASEF Think Tank, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2019 08 17 The complexity of innovation system problems and the diversity of policy instruments have changed the focus of policy-makers from finding the best instruments to formulating instruments packages. The packages envelope instruments which together and in combination have the most positive impact on the policy objectives. This change has been accompanied by the "policy mix" concept which refers to the interactions and interdependencies between policy instruments influencing the level of policy goal achievement. The design of a policy mix has to maximize the synergies and minimize potential contradictions between the instruments in order to maximize the effectiveness. Examining the exact interactions between policy tools needs the implementation of the policy mix, monitoring and its ex-post evaluating. Therefore, designing a policy mix is a dynamic process and depends on the feedbacks from implementation process, which in parallel with the multiplicity of the available alternatives necessitates the application of systematic approaches to design a policy mix. <br />  The complexity of innovation system problems and the diversity of policy instruments have changed the focus of policy-makers from finding the best instruments to formulating instruments packages. The packages envelope instruments which together and in combination have the most positive impact on the policy objectives. This change has been accompanied by the "policy mix" concept which refers to the interactions and interdependencies between policy instruments influencing the level of policy goal achievement. The design of a policy mix has to maximize the synergies and minimize potential contradictions between the instruments in order to maximize the effectiveness. Examining the exact interactions between policy tools needs the implementation of the policy mix, monitoring and its ex-post evaluating. Therefore, designing a policy mix is a dynamic process and depends on the feedbacks from implementation process, which in parallel with the multiplicity of the available alternatives necessitates the application of systematic approaches to design a policy mix. <br />  https://jstp.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13723_8999ada7433b68b24ba59a8b736b3628.pdf