Iranian Association for Management of Technology Journal of Science and Technology Policy 20080840 12 2 2019 06 22 Policies for Supporting R&D in the Business Sector Policies for Supporting R&D in the Business Sector 363 378 13705 FA Parisa Alizadeh Ph.D. of Technology Management, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran Manoucher Manteghi Professor, University Complex of Management and Soft Technology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2019 08 05 Various policy instruments including financial or non-financial ones (e.g. instruments for providing human capital, information or equipment) in addition to the reinforcement of legal framework are needed to remove impediments and encourage the businesses to invest on R&D. Each tool has its own advantages and disadvantages and the countries use different sets of instruments in terms of their business sector's characteristics. Using tax incentives and grants is still common and generic instruments have been more replaced by technology-targeted or population-targeted instruments. The focus of R&D policies is shifting from the science and technology framework to the innovation framework. As a result, there is a shift from financial instruments to non-financial ones. The policy measures for improving framework conditions (such as, legal reforms) in addition to the demand-side policies, indirect financial supports, and public-private partnerships are applied more. In parallel, paying attention to the instruments' impact on the input additionality and output additionality indices is necessary to choose the best alternatives. Various policy instruments including financial or non-financial ones (e.g. instruments for providing human capital, information or equipment) in addition to the reinforcement of legal framework are needed to remove impediments and encourage the businesses to invest on R&D. Each tool has its own advantages and disadvantages and the countries use different sets of instruments in terms of their business sector's characteristics. Using tax incentives and grants is still common and generic instruments have been more replaced by technology-targeted or population-targeted instruments. The focus of R&D policies is shifting from the science and technology framework to the innovation framework. As a result, there is a shift from financial instruments to non-financial ones. The policy measures for improving framework conditions (such as, legal reforms) in addition to the demand-side policies, indirect financial supports, and public-private partnerships are applied more. In parallel, paying attention to the instruments' impact on the input additionality and output additionality indices is necessary to choose the best alternatives.

https://jstp.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13705_be0e8402e1222c4eb8be445a2e0d400d.pdf