تبیین پدیده فرم‌‌گرایی علمی در نظام دانشگاهی ایران: عوامل و راهکارها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران

2 استادیار گروه ارزیابی سیاست‌ها و پایش علم، فناوری و نوآوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران

3 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر

10.22034/jstp.2021.14.2.1306

چکیده

عدم‌مشاهده اثر اجتماعی و اقتصادی پژوهش‌‌های انجام‌شده در رفاه حال جامعه که حاکی از تولید صرف مقاله بدون توجه به اصالت مسئله موردمطالعه است، گواه متقنی بر گرفتاری فضای دانشگاهی کشور است که به ایجاد و تشدید پدیده‌‌ای تحت عنوان «فرم‌‌گرایی علمی» منتج شده است. فرم‌‌گرایی پدیده‌ای است که در رفتارهای اجتماعی و سایر عرصه‌‌های زندگی افراد نمود پیداکرده است، لذا نظام دانشگاهی و متعاقب آن عرصه‌‌های علمی تحت تأثیر این مسئله قرارگرفته‌اند و چنانچه این مسئله حل نشود تبعات جبران‌ناپذیری بر بدنه نظام دانشگاهی ایران و به‌تبع آن جامعه وارد خواهد کرد؛ بنابراین هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر شناسایی عوامل مرتبط با پدیده فرم‌‌گرایی علمی در نظام دانشگاهی ایران و راه‌‌کارهای برون‌رفت از آن بود. بر این اساس پژوهشگران از رویکرد کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی برای بررسی این پدیده استفاده کردند. به همین منظور تعداد 13 نفر از صاحب‌نظران و سیاست‌‌گذاران دانشگاهی به‌‌عنوان خبرگان با استفاده از روش نمونه‌‌گیری ملاکی و با توجه به اشباع مضمونی استقرایی مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل مصاحبه‌‌ها نیز از روش تحلیل مضمون و برای بررسی اعتبار یافته‌‌های پژوهش از سه روش بازبینی توسط مشارکت‌کنندگان در مصاحبه‌‌ها، بازبینی توسط همکاران و به‌هم‌‌تنیدگی استفاده شد. یافته‌‌های حاصل از تحلیل داده‌‌های پژوهش نشان داد که عوامل مرتبط با ظهور پدیده فرم گرایی علمی در ایران را می‌‌توان شامل: عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، سیاسی و نهادی و راهکارهای برون‌‌رفت از این پدیده را می‌توان در سه راهکار اقتصادی، فرهنگی و نهادی برشمرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the Phenomenon of Scientific Formalism in Iran’s Academic System: Factors and Solutions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Sadat Ghoraishi Khorasgani 1
  • Elmira Janavi 2
  • Mohsen Nazarzadeh Zare 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Alzahra, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Policy Evaluation STI Monitoring, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
چکیده [English]

When there are no observations of any social and economic effects of academic research on the welfare of society, this shows us just production of the articles regardless the problem-oriented and its applicability can be a strong evidence for existence of the problem in the academic context of Iran. Thus, this problem has created a phenomenon entitled "scientific formalism". Formalism is a phenomenon that has manifested itself in social behaviors and other areas of people's lives. Therefore, the academic system and subsequently the scientific fields have been affected by this issue, and if this issue is not resolved, it will have irreparable consequences on the body of the Iran academic system and, consequently, on society. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting emergence of the phenomenon of scientific formalism in the Iran academic system and solutions to solve it. So, the researchers a qualitative approach and phenomenology method was used. The research sample included 13 of the academic experts of Iran, who were interviewed through criterion sampling and based on inductive thematic saturation in the interviews. For analyzing the data, thematic analysis was used. To ensure validity of research were used member checking, peer checking, and triangulation. The findings of analysis of data research showed that the reasons for the emergence of the phenomenon of scientific formalism in Iran can include, economic, social, cultural, political and institutional reasons and solutions of this phenomenon can be in three solutions, economic, cultural and institutional.
    

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Scientific Formalism
  • Iran Academic System
  • Factors
  • Solutions
  • Phenomenology
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