واکاوی قانون حداکثر استفاده از توان تولیدی، خدماتی کشور و حمایت از کالای ایرانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه تأمین مالی و اقتصاد علم، فناوری و نوآوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، بخش مدیریت صنعت و فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه تهران (پردیس فارابی)، قم، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/jstp.2021.13887

چکیده

نبود تقاضا و بازار، از مهمترین موانع توسعه فناوری و انتشار نوآوری خصوصاً در کشورهای در حال توسعه است. این مطالعه با هدف تحلیل یکی از مهم­ترین تجارب قانونگذاری برای تحریک تقاضای نوآوری در ایران یعنی قانون حداکثر استفاده از توان تولیدی، خدماتی انجام شده است. تحقیق حاضر از حیث نوع کیفی بوده و تغییرات قانون مزبور را بصورت طولی با تحلیل محتوای نُسخ قانون و هفت مصاحبه نیمه‌‌‌ساختاریافته با خبرگان بررسی می‌نماید. تحلیل نُسخ مختلف قانوننشان می‌‌‌دهد طی دو بار اصلاح به تدریج از تعداد ابزارهای سیاستی با رویکرد سیستمی کاسته شده و تعداد ابزارهای سیاستی محرک تقاضای خصوصی اضافه شده است. در بازنگری اول در سال 1391، سیاست‏هایمحرکتقاضایمصرف‏کنندگان نهایی مورد تاکید قرار گرفته، اما در بازنگری دوم در سال 1398 الگویی تقریبا مشابه با قانون سال 1375 (تحریک تقاضای کسب‏وکارهایبزرگتر) مشاهده می‌‌‌شود که حاکی از ناکارآمدی اصلاحات سال 1391 است. به صورت مشخص، نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌‌‌دهد که طی این دوره سیاستگذاری، سیاست‌‌‌های مستقیم تحریک تقاضا نقش پررنگ‌تری در مقایسه با ابزارها و سیاست‌‌‌هایی با منطق یکپارچه‌‌‌سازی و هماهنگی طرف عرضه و تقاضا پیدا کرده است. همچنین، در دو نوبت اصلاح قانون، توجه به ارتقای توانمندی فناورانه و تحریک تقاضای خصوصی تقویت شده، اما ضمانت اجرایی قانون بهبود نیافته است. به علاوه، اجرای دقیق قانون جز در دوره کوتاهی در اوایل دهه 1380 شمسی، به صورت جدی در شورای اقتصاد دنبال نشده است. یافته‌های این تحقیق، دلالت‌ها و پیشنهاداتی جهت تلاش‌های آتی سیاست‌گذاری برای توسعه صنعتی، فناورانه و نوآورانه ارائه می‌نماید. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Investigation into the Maximum Utilization of National Production and Service Capacity Act

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parisa Alizadeh 1
  • Mostafa Safdari Ranjbar 2
  • Kiarash Fartash 3
1 -Assistant Professor, STI Financing and Economics Department, National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Industry and Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, University of Tehran (College of Farabi), Qom, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Lack of demand and market is one of the most important obstacles to technology development and innovation dissemination, especially in developing countries. This qualitative research analyzes one the most important experiments to formulate the demand-side policies in Iran, that is, Maximum Use of Country's Production and Service Capacity Act. The changes of this act were investigated longitudinally relying on seven semi-structured interviews. Analyzing different versions of the act shows that during two revisions, the number of policies with systemic approach has been gradually reduced while the number of policies stimulating private demand has been increased. In the first revision in 2012, the policies that stimulate the demand of final consumers are emphasized, while in the second revision in 2019, a pattern similar to the act of 1996 (stimulating the demand of large companies) is observed, indicating the inefficiency of the 2012 reforms. Clearly, the results show that during this period, direct demand stimulation policies have played a more prominent role compared to policies with the logic of integration and coordination of supply and demand. In addition, over the past revisions of the act, support for the improvement of local technological capability and stimulation of private demand have increased consistently, while reinforcement of the act has not been improved. Moreover, other than a short interval in the 2000s, the implementation of the act has not been considered by Supreme Economy Council. Findings have implications for future policy making efforts on industrialization and innovation policies.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Demand Side Policies
  • Innovation
  • Maximum Use of Country's Production and Service Capacity Act
  • Local Content
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