چالشهای همکاری فناورانه‌ نامتقارن شرکتهای بزرگ با شرکتهای کوچک فناوری‌محور نانو

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران

2 پژوهشگر پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران

10.22034/jstp.2019.11.3.2069

چکیده

تغییرات فضای کسب‌وکار در طی سال‌های اخیر باعث شده که بسیاری از شرکت‌های بزرگ به دنبال همکاری فناورانه با شرکت‌های کوچک فناوری‌محور باشند. با وجود مزایای زیاد این نوع همکاری‌ها -که در ادبیات به همکاری‌های نامتقارن شناخته شده‌اند- طرفین همواره با چالش‌های متعددی روبه‌رو می‌شوند. با این حال در مطالعات قبلی کمتر به چالش‌های همکاری نامتقارن به‌ویژه در بافت کشورهای در حال توسعه پرداخته شده‌است. مقاله حاضر با رویکردی ترکیبی به دنبال شناسایی چالش‌های همکاری فناورانه نامتقارن در بخش نانوی ایران است. در ابتدا با بررسی ادبیات و انجام مصاحبه‌ با افراد متخصص، فهرست چالش‌های اصلی همکاری شناسایی و براساس چهار گروه بازیگر اصلی فرآیند همکاری فناورانه (شرکت‌های بزرگ صنعتی، شرکت‌های کوچک دارنده فناوری، واسطه‌های تبادل فناوری و نهادهای تسهیل‌گر) دسته‌بندی شدند. سپس پرسشنامه‌ای براساس چالش‌های مورد نظر طراحی و در بین چهار دسته بازیگران فعال در زمینه همکاری فناورانه‌ نامتقارن در بخش نانو ایران توزیع گردید که در نهایت 52 پرسشنامه تکمیل گردید. نتایج حاکی از آن است که چهار دسته بازیگر درگیر در فرآیند همکاری، در مورد 11 چالش اختلاف‌نظر دارند. همچنین مشخص شد که برخلاف ادبیات جهانی در بخش نانوی ایران، «سوءاستفاده‌ شرکت کوچک از برند شرکت بزرگ» به عنوان چالش همکاری مطرح نیست. علاوه بر این، چالش‌هایی از قبیل ضعف فرهنگ همکاری و فقدان زیرساخت‏های به‌هم‌رسانی نیز شناسایی شدند که در ادبیات مربوط به کشورهای توسعه‌یافته به آن‌ها اشاره نشده‌ بود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Challenges of Asymmetric Technological Collaboration between Large Companies and Nanotechnology Startups

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Asadifard 1
  • Arman Khaledi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran
2 Researcher, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Significant changes in the business environment have led many large companies to tend to asymmetric technological collaboration with startups. Despite several benefits of these collaborations for both sides, they may face many challenges in their Partnership. These challenges have rarely been uncovered in the previous studies particularly in the context of developing countries. We utilized a mixed research method to explore collaboration challenges in Iran. Firstly, we prepared a list of main collaboration challenges through investigating the literature and in depth Interviews with key informants. Secondly, we conducted a survey using a questionnaire and received 52 responds from related people to asymmetric collaboration projects. The results showed that actors involved in the collaboration process disagree on 11 challenges. We also found that contraty on the literature “misusing the large company's brand” is not a challenging issue for the collaboration in nano sector of Iran. In addition, some new challenges were identified for asymmetric collaboration that was not mentioned in literature, including; weak collaboration culture, and lack of matchmaking infrasctures.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • asymmetric technological collaboration
  • NTBF
  • Industrial large companies

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