واکاوی عوامل زمینه‌ای شکست سیاست‌های علم، فناوری و نوآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری‌های نوین، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران

2 دکترای سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری دانشگاه مازندران

چکیده

مقاله حاضر بر اساس این فرض نگارش شده که برخی عوامل شکست سیاست‌های نوآوری فراتر از حوزه نوآوری هستند و به نظام‌های سیاسی محیط این حوزه مربوطند. پس برای درک علل این شکست‌ها باید ساختار نظام‌های سیاسی حاکم را شناخت و بر اساس آن سیاست را ارزیابی کرد. برای این منظور، مقاله با پیوند زدن یک مدل ارزیابی پایه‌ای به الگوهای نظری ساختارهای نظام سیاسی، مدل ارزیابی پیشرفته‌تری می‌سازد که می‌تواند بر اساس نوع ساختار نظام سیاسی، یک سیاست را با توجه به ابعاد تناسب، فرآیند و ارزیابی نماید. لیکن این مدل، یک مدل عمومی و فاقد پشتوانه نظری است که برای ارزیابی سیاست‌های نوآوری به کار می‌رود. به همین جهت، مقاله در مرحله بعدی می‌کوشد مدل پیشرفته‌تری بسازد که بتواند در آن، رابطه مفهومی بین ساختار نظام سیاسی و کارکردهای نظام نوآوری به ویژه کارکرد هدایت تحقیق برقرار سازد و عوامل زمینه‌ای مشارکت‌پذیری سیاسی نظام (جامعه مدنی، بازار و دولت) را شناسایی و آنها را در پویایی تعامل ساختار و کارکردهای نظام نوآوری در قالب موتورهای رشد و یا انحطاط نوآوری منعکس نماید. این مدل همچنین باید نشان دهد که ضعف و یا غیبت اجزاء ساختاری کارکرد هدایت تحقیق مستقیماً به ساختار نظام‌های سیاسی محیط بر نظام‌های نوآوری مرتبط هستند. مقاله در پایان مدل تلفیقی-کارکردی مذکور را در مطالعه موردی ارزیابی سیاست‌های توسعه سوخت‌های زیستی به کار می‌بندد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring the Underlying Factors of Innovation Policy Failure

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahereh Miremadi 1
  • Zohreh Rahimi Rad 2
1 Associate Professor of IROST, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D at Science and Technology Policy, Mazandaran University, Iran
چکیده [English]

This paper holds this conviction that some failures of innovation policy can be attributed to the political context hosting that innovation system. Accordingly, to understand the root causes of these failures, researchers have to step out of the innovation system approaches and study the political system structure and evaluate the policies based on this study. The paper, then, build an eclectic model by bridging between the stakeholder model of public policy evaluation and the three archetypes of political system structure. The paper argues that the new and eclectic model can be applied to evaluate the general public policies by its process, content and the political according to MCconnel’s theory. However, this model has some shortcomings because it is not backed by innovation theories. That is why, in the second phase, another and more developed model; the eclectic –functional model was built based on the components of innovation system, especially the function 4, the guidance of the research. It shows how the imbalance of political system structure, among the civil society and market and the State reflects on the dynamism of interactions among the structure and functional components of an innovation system and gridlocks the related innovation policies. The paper concludes with a case study on biofuel policy failure in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Policy Evaluation
  • System Failure
  • Policy Failure
  • The Structure of Political System
  • Democracy
  • Charismatic State
  • Patrimonalism
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