سیاست‌های حداکثر استفاده از توان داخلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد بررسی خط‌مشی‌های فناوری، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، تهران

2 عضو هیأت‌علمی مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران

چکیده

سیاست‌های حداکثر استفاده از توان داخلی به طور کلی مداخلاتی دولتی هستند که هدف بلندمدت‏ آنها افزایش سهم اشتغال و یا فروش در هر یک از بخش‌های زنجیره ارزش در داخل کشور میزبان یک صنعت است. در چند دهه گذشته کشورهای مختلف سیاست‌های متفاوتی را برای توان داخلی به کار گرفته‌اند که برخی موفق و برخی ناموفق بوده‌اند. از این رو در حمایت و علیه این سیاست‌ها استدلال‌هایی مطرح شده است. افزایش ارزش افزوده، جبران شکست بازار و حمایت از اشتغال در زمره دلایل پشتیبانی از این سیاست‌ها و عدم‏ توازن اهداف سیاستی با ابزارها، عدم توزیع منابع و یا ناکارآمدی آنها، قوانین جهانی و چارچوب‌های نهادی از ادله علیه این سیاست‌ها هستند. در این مقاله ابتدا به مفاهیم و تاریخچه سیاست‌های توان داخلی پرداخته شده و سپس مؤلفه‌های چنین سیاست‌هایی که عبارتند از اهداف، مشوق‌ها یا تنبیه‌ها و شاخص‌های مناسب ارزیابی و پایش این سیاست‌ها شرح داده شده‌اند تا پس از آن بتوان بر اساس این چارچوب قوانین مربوطه در ایران را مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار داد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Local Content Policies (LCPs)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behrouz Nouri 1
  • Mahdi Pakzad 2
1 Senior Expert for Technology Policy-Making, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty Member, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Local Content policies (LCPs) are generally government interventions whose long-term goal is to increase the share of employment or sales in each of the value chain segments within the host country. In the last few decades, different countries have used different policies for Locoal Content, some of them are successful and some unsuccessful. Hence, arguments have been put forward in support of and against these policies. Increasing value-added, market failures/externalities, and social objectives are among the reasons behind supporting these policies and misallocation of resources and/or inefficiencies, misalignment between instruments and policy objectives, international regulation, and institutional frameworks are Arguments against the Use of Local Content Policies. In this paper, at first, the concepts and history of Local Content Policies are discussed, and then the components of such policies, such as goals, incentives or penalties, and appropriate indicators for assessing and monitoring these policies, have been described and based on this framework local content laws in Iran for over two decades has been analyzed.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Local Content
  • Local Content Policies
  • Productive Development Policies
 
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