تقاضای دولت و بخش عمومی به عنوان ابزار سیاست فناوری و نوآوری؛ مطالعه موردی نمایشگاه ساخت ایران

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری تهران

2 کارشناس‌ارشد مهندسی مواد و متالورژی، دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت صنعتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی رودهن، تهران

10.22034/jstp.2019.10.4.539570

چکیده

سیاست نوآوری مبتنی بر خریدهای دولت و بخش عمومی، موضوع مهمی است که طی سالیان اخیر بیشتر مورد توجه پژوهشگران حوزه سیاست نوآوری قرار گرفته است. به دلیل پیچیدگی‌های اجرای مؤثر این سیاست، لازم است طراحی آن متناسب با شرایط کشورهای مختلف و رشته‌های فعالیتی مورد نظر انجام شود. از آنجا که ترجمان سیاست خرید دولتی نوآوری در کشورهای در حال توسعه، ارتقاء یادگیری و همپایی بنگاه‌های داخلی در قالب سیاست صنعتی و فناوری است در این مقاله تلاش شده الگوی طراحی سیاست فناوری و نوآوری با بکارگیری تقاضای دولت و بخش عمومی در ایران مورد توجه قرار گیرد. پایداری و تداوم در اجرا، علتی بوده که سبب شده در این مقاله مطالعه موردی این سیاست انجام شود. با استفاده از روش تحقیق کیفی، تحلیل محتوای متون مقالات برگزیده انجام و سؤالات مصاحبه بر مبنای مقولات محوری به دست آمده تنظیم شده‌اند. در ادامه نیز مصاحبه با مسئولین مرتبط دولتی، شرکت‌های فعال در نمایشگاه، خریداران و نهادهای ارزیاب و واسط انجام و با تحلیل محتوای متون مصاحبه‌ها، نظریه زمینه‌ای مربوط به الگوی سیاستی پیشنهادی مقاله تدوین شده است. مدیریت هزینه‌های مبادله و نهادهای واسط به عنوان مقوله محوری معرفی و سازماندهی توانمندی‌های عرضه نوآوری (الگوی ارزیابی و پوشش ریسک نوآوری)، صورت‌بندی تقاضای بخش عمومی (تجمیع تقاضا و استانداردگذاری) و همچنین ساختار حکمرانی و زیرساخت‌ها (شرایط قرارداد، هماهنگی و تقسیم کار) اجزاء الگوی پیشنهادی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Public Procurement as Technology and Innovation Policy Tool: A Case Study of Iran-Lab-Expo

نویسندگان [English]

  • Meysam Narimani 1
  • Mostafa Shalbafi 2
  • Saeedreza Farzaneh 3
1 Assistant Professor Technology Studies Inistitute TSI Tehran Iran
2 MSc of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
3 - Ph.D Student of Industrial Management, Roudehen Islamic Azad University, Iran
چکیده [English]

Recently, Innovation oriented public procurement has become an attractive issue for innovation policy’s researchers. Due to complexity of the effective implementation of the policy, it is necessary to design and customize these policies according to special condition s of each countries. In the developing countries, the main purpose of innovation oriented public procurement to promote technological learning and domestic firms is catch up as a part of industrial and technological policy, so this paper is tried to consider the design of industrial and technological policy based on innovation oriented public procurement by case study research method and content analysis of selected articles, important categories are identified and interviews are arranged to them. Content analysis of these interviews with government officials managers, firms, buyers, evaluation firms and intermediary institutes involved in Iran lab formed the grounded theory of this paper’s proposed policy method.
Results shows that, managing the transaction costs and intermediary institutions are introduced as a critical issues, and the organization of innovation supply capabilities (Evaluation and coverage of innovation risk pattern), the public sector demand formation (demand aggregation and standardization) and governance structure and infrastructure (Contract terms, coordination and division of labor) are other components of the proposed model.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Innovation
  • Pubic Procurement
  • Industrial Policy
  • Demand Side Policy
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